Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

612
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
612
Language01:16

Language

771
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
771
Larynx01:21

Larynx

3.6K
The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids,...
3.6K
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

473
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
473
Language Development01:22

Language Development

709
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
709
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

652
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
652

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The White Matter Connectome Supporting Speech and Language in the Human.

Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

The Kids FACE FEARS Pragmatic Randomized Trial of Therapist-Led vs Guided Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Pediatric Anxiety: Rationale and Methods.

JAACAP open·2026
Same author

Anxiety severity moderates the relation between pineal parenchymal volume and objective sleep problems in peri-adolescent youth.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Neurobiological Contributions to Speech and Language Interventions: Applications to Developmental Populations.

Developmental neuropsychology·2025
Same author

Meaningful Associations Redux: Quantifying and interpreting effect size in the context of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study.

Developmental cognitive neuroscience·2025
Same author

Advances on design considerations in Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience.

Developmental cognitive neuroscience·2025
Same journal

Molecular links between reelin downregulation, topoisomerase IIβ alterations, and proteins involved in Alzheimer pathology in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line.

Experimental brain research·2026
Same journal

Motor cortex excitability during spine shape-judgment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a TMS motor evoked potential study.

Experimental brain research·2026
Same journal

Trajectory dynamics and endpoint accuracy in targeted ballistic contractions.

Experimental brain research·2026
Same journal

Exploring Sevoflurane promotes hippocampal neuron mitophagy in elderly postoperative cognitive dysfunction by HSP90AA1 based on network pharmacology.

Experimental brain research·2026
Same journal

Loading modulates monosynaptic transmission from spindle primary afferents to motoneurons in humans.

Experimental brain research·2026
Same journal

Energy-dependent cortical injury thresholds in high-frequency transcortical electrical stimulation: a biophysical study in a rat model.

Experimental brain research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors
08:32

Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors

Published on: January 3, 2017

22.8K

The phonological loop: is speech special?

Isabelle Deschamps1,2, Melody Courson1,2, Anthony Steven Dick3

  • 1Département de Réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de La Médecine, Office 4109, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.

Experimental Brain Research
|August 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study challenges the phonological loop theory for verbal working memory. Findings suggest a domain-general auditory short-term storage center in the dorsal auditory stream, not specialized verbal processing regions.

Keywords:
Auditory discriminationAuditory working memoryInferior frontal gyrusSpeech perceptionSupramarginal gyrusTranscranial magnetic stimulation

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception
05:48

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception

Published on: August 9, 2024

1.9K
A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS
12:43

A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS

Published on: February 21, 2011

35.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors
08:32

Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors

Published on: January 3, 2017

22.8K
Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception
05:48

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception

Published on: August 9, 2024

1.9K
A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS
12:43

A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS

Published on: February 21, 2011

35.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Auditory Processing

Background:

  • The phonological loop theory posits a specialized system for verbal working memory.
  • Brain regions like the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus (pIFG) and anterior supramarginal gyri (aSMG) are implicated.
  • Recent evidence suggests a domain-general auditory short-term storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if pIFG and aSMG process verbal information specifically or any complex auditory information.
  • To test the domain-general auditory short-term storage hypothesis.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-delayed priming paradigm.
  • Used both speech (syllables) and non-speech (bird songs) auditory stimuli.
  • Examined the impact of TMS on performance for both stimulus types.

Main Results:

  • TMS to pIFG and aSMG affected performance for both speech and non-speech sounds.
  • Priming was reduced for speech sounds; accuracy decreased for non-speech sounds.
  • Interference observed for both verbal and non-verbal auditory stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support a domain-general auditory short-term storage center.
  • This center is likely located within the dorsal auditory stream.
  • Challenges the necessity of a specialized phonological loop for verbal working memory.