Beyond the Sex Binary: Toward the Inclusive Anatomical Sciences Education

Area of Science:

• Human biology
• Genetics
• Medical education

Background:

• Recent biological and genetic advancements challenge traditional views of human variation.
• Understanding human biological variation is crucial for effective healthcare delivery.
• Anatomy classes are key for teaching medical students about human variation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To advocate for updating anatomical education to reflect current understandings of human biological variation, particularly sex.
• To address the limitations of binary sex models in anatomy textbooks.
• To promote a more inclusive and accurate representation of sex in medical curricula.

Main Methods:

• Review of scientific and social scientific research on human biological sex.
• Analysis of current anatomy textbook content regarding sex.
• Proposal for curriculum reform in anatomical sciences.

Main Results:

• The binary model of male and female sex is increasingly being questioned.
• Current anatomy textbooks often present sex as a strict binary, particularly in urogenital system anatomy.
• A continuum model of sex, including intersex/differences in sexual development, offers a more comprehensive understanding.

Conclusions:

• Anatomical science curricula should adopt a non-binary, continuum-based approach to sex.
• This updated approach improves understanding of sex differences and human variation.
• Competent medical practitioners require education that moves beyond biological typology and avoids harmful practices.