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Published on: April 21, 2017
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Perinatal stroke
Emmett E Whitaker1, Marilyn J Cipolla2
1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States; Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States.
Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|August 2, 2020
Summary
Perinatal stroke, a brain injury in newborns, affects 1 in 1600 births. This review covers its types, causes, and outcomes for affected children.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Pediatrics
- Vascular Medicine
Background:
- Perinatal stroke involves brain injury from vascular issues during pregnancy or early infancy.
- It affects approximately 1 in 1600 to 3000 live births, with an estimated 2500 cases annually in the US.
- Underdiagnosis likely leads to an underestimation of its true incidence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of perinatal stroke.
- To cover classification, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, management, and long-term sequelae.
- To enhance understanding of this critical condition in neonates and infants.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on perinatal stroke.
- Analysis of epidemiological data and diagnostic challenges.
- Synthesis of information on various stroke subtypes and their impact.
Main Results:
- Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) constitutes about 70% of cases.
- Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis is less common but contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality.
- Hemorrhagic stroke results from non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage.
Conclusions:
- Perinatal stroke is a complex condition with diverse causes and presentations.
- Understanding its various forms, including PAIS and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis, is crucial for effective management.
- Further research is needed to improve diagnosis and long-term outcomes for affected children.
