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Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil

William Marciel de Souza1, Lewis Fletcher Buss2, Darlan da Silva Candido2,3

  • 1Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

Nature Human Behaviour
|August 2, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Brazil

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The first COVID-19 case in Brazil was identified on February 25, 2020.
  • The epidemic rapidly spread across all administrative regions.
  • Data covers the initial three months of the outbreak in Brazil.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report and contextualize epidemiological, demographic, and clinical findings of COVID-19 in Brazil.
  • To estimate the basic reproduction number (R0) for COVID-19 in Brazil.
  • To explore associations between socioeconomic factors and COVID-19 diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of reported COVID-19 cases and deaths from February 25 to May 31, 2020.
  • Estimation of the R0 value using Bayesian methods.
  • Statistical analysis to identify correlations between per-capita income and COVID-19 diagnosis and severe acute respiratory infections (SARI).

Main Results:

  • By May 31, 2020, Brazil reported 514,200 COVID-19 cases and 29,314 deaths in 75.3% of municipalities.
  • The estimated R0 for Brazil was 3.1 (95% Bayesian credible interval = 2.4-5.5).
  • Higher per-capita income was positively associated with COVID-19 diagnosis, while lower income was linked to SARI cases of unknown etiology.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive overview of the early COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil.
  • Findings suggest socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19 impact.
  • The data can inform public health strategies for transmission control.

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