The status of proteomics as we enter the 2020s: Towards personalised/precision medicine

The last decade has seen many major advances in proteomics, with over 70,000 publications in the field since 2010. A comprehensive omics toolbox has been developed facilitating rapid in depth analysis of the human proteome. Such studies are advancing our understanding of the biology of both health and disease. The combination of proteomics with other omics platforms (the omics pipeline), in particular proteogenomics, is giving important insights to the molecular changes leading to disease, covering the spectrum from genotype to phenotype and identifying potential biomarkers for disease detection, surveillance and monitoring, and revealing potential new drug targets. Discovery-based finding are now being translated to clinical application, supporting the rollout of precision/personalised medicine. This perspective has focused on twelve areas of importance that have fuelled the field. Recent exemplars are given to illustrate this and show how, together with some emerging technologies, they are anticipated to lead to further advances in the field. However, hurdles still remain to be overcome, especially in the area of Big Data analysis.