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Three-dimensional facial capture using a custom-built photogrammetry setup: Design, performance, and cost.

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Summary

A new, affordable 3D face scanning system (Stereo-Face 3D, SF3D) shows variability comparable to commercial systems. This custom-built photogrammetry setup offers a cost-effective solution for 3D facial shape acquisition.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biotechnology
  • Computer Vision

Background:

  • Stereophotogrammetry is a popular 3D face scanning technique.
  • Commercial systems are expensive, limiting accessibility.
  • A custom-built, affordable system (SF3D) is proposed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Evaluate the variability of the custom-built SF3D system.
  • Compare SF3D performance against a commercial system.
  • Assess the cost-effectiveness of SF3D for 3D facial scanning.

Main Methods:

  • 29 subjects and a mannequin head were scanned using SF3D and a commercial system.
  • An anthropometric mask was mapped onto 3D meshes.
  • Shape variability was quantified using root-mean-square error (RMSE) of Procrustes distance.
  • Two-factor Procrustes analysis of variance was employed.

Main Results:

  • SF3D within-system variability (0.44 ± 0.16 mm) was competitive with the commercial system (0.52 ± 0.07 mm).
  • Mannequin head variability was lower for SF3D (0.29 ± 0.03 mm) than the commercial system (0.42 ± 0.02 mm).
  • Between-systems RMSE was 1.6 ± 0.34 mm, with discrepancies mainly in the eyelids, nose, and chin areas.

Conclusions:

  • The custom-built SF3D system demonstrates competitive variability to commercial alternatives.
  • SF3D offers a more affordable solution for 3D facial scanning.
  • The system's performance is suitable for various applications requiring accurate facial shape data.