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Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

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 Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
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Functional cellulose nanocrystals containing cationic and thermo-responsive polymer brushes.

Salha Alharthi1, Nathan Grishkewich2, Richard M Berry3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|August 5, 2020
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Summary

Researchers grafted thermo-responsive polymer brushes onto cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The resulting materials show tunable temperature and salt responses, useful for smart nanomaterials.

Keywords:
Cationic brushesCellulose nanocrystalsPolyelectrolyte effectSalting-outThermo-responsive

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are sustainable nanomaterials with tunable properties.
  • Grafting polymers onto CNCs can create advanced functional materials.
  • Thermo-responsive polymers offer unique stimuli-responsive behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize cationic and thermo-responsive polymer brushes grafted from CNCs.
  • To investigate the influence of polymer composition on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and salt responsiveness.
  • To explore the potential of these modified CNCs as smart nanomaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Free radical polymerization was employed to graft poly(oligoethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (OEGMA) and (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (DMC) onto CNCs.
  • Cloud point measurements were used to determine the LCST and its tunability.
  • The effect of varying salt (KCl) concentrations on the polymer-grafted CNCs was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The grafted CNCs exhibited tunable LCSTs, controllable by adjusting the DMC content, with values ranging from 40-47 °C.
  • CNC-g-POEGMA showed a typical salting-out effect with increasing KCl concentration.
  • CNC-g-POEGMA-g-DMC copolymers displayed dual salt-responsive behavior: a polyelectrolyte effect at low salt concentrations and a salting-out effect at higher concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully developed thermo-responsive and cationic polymer-grafted CNCs with tunable LCST and salt responsiveness.
  • The findings demonstrate the potential of these modified CNCs for applications requiring precise control over solubility and aggregation.
  • The dual salt-responsive behavior of the copolymers offers opportunities for advanced material design.