Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

59.0K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
59.0K
The Retina01:32

The Retina

73.8K
The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
73.8K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

9.1K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
9.1K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

1.5K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
1.5K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

8.3K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
8.3K
Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

1.2K
Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Intraoperative electrocorticography guiding surgical resection in epilepsia partialis continua secondary to cardiac myxoma embolism: A clinical vignette.

Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape·2026
Same author

A Knock-In Igfn1<sup>iCre</sup> transgenic mouse line provides partial developmental access to type-7 bipolar cells.

Neuroscience research·2026
Same author

MR-Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Recurrent Glioblastoma: A Case Report With Novel Insights Into Histopathological Changes and Immunological Responses.

Neuropathology and applied neurobiology·2026
Same author

iGABASnFR2 is an improved genetically encoded protein sensor of GABA.

eLife·2026
Same author

Laser interstitial thermal therapy for IDH wild-type recurrent glioblastoma: a Scandinavian two-center cohort study.

Acta neurochirurgica·2026
Same author

Retinal ganglion cells.

Current biology : CB·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Where You Cut Matters: A Dissection and Analysis Guide for the Spatial Orientation of the Mouse Retina from Ocular Landmarks
08:42

Where You Cut Matters: A Dissection and Analysis Guide for the Spatial Orientation of the Mouse Retina from Ocular Landmarks

Published on: August 4, 2018

14.8K

Contributions of Retinal Direction Selectivity to Central Visual Processing.

Rune Rasmussen1, Keisuke Yonehara1

  • 1Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 8, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.

Current Biology : CB
|August 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In mice, direction-selective neurons in the retina initiate visual motion processing. These early retinal circuits significantly impact how the brain perceives motion and guides behavior.

More Related Videos

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
05:07

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Published on: June 13, 2019

12.0K
Author Spotlight: Using the Split Retina Technique for Enhanced Access and Accelerated Experiments
07:53

Author Spotlight: Using the Split Retina Technique for Enhanced Access and Accelerated Experiments

Published on: January 16, 2024

5.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Where You Cut Matters: A Dissection and Analysis Guide for the Spatial Orientation of the Mouse Retina from Ocular Landmarks
08:42

Where You Cut Matters: A Dissection and Analysis Guide for the Spatial Orientation of the Mouse Retina from Ocular Landmarks

Published on: August 4, 2018

14.8K
Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
05:07

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Published on: June 13, 2019

12.0K
Author Spotlight: Using the Split Retina Technique for Enhanced Access and Accelerated Experiments
07:53

Author Spotlight: Using the Split Retina Technique for Enhanced Access and Accelerated Experiments

Published on: January 16, 2024

5.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual System Processing
  • Sensory Perception

Background:

  • The brain processes sensory information through a hierarchy, with visual motion analysis being a key area of study.
  • Direction selectivity, the ability to detect motion direction, was previously thought to originate in the visual cortex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging literature on retinal direction-selective cells in mice.
  • To explore the causal role of these cells in central visual motion processing and behavior.
  • To discuss potential clinical relevance and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature.
  • Analysis of anatomical and physiological properties of motion-sensitive neurons.
  • Consideration of genetic and imaging techniques in neuroscience research.

Main Results:

  • Direction-selective responses are present in the mouse retina, indicating early-stage visual motion analysis.
  • Retinal direction-selective cells causally contribute to higher-level visual motion processing.
  • These retinal circuits influence visually guided behaviors in mice.

Conclusions:

  • Visual motion analysis in mice begins at the retinal level.
  • Retinal direction-selective cells play a crucial role in visual perception and behavior.
  • Further research on these cells holds potential for understanding visual system principles and clinical applications.