The Type IX Secretion System: Advances in Structure, Function and Organisation
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Updated: Dec 13, 2025

A Visual Assay to Monitor T6SS-mediated Bacterial Competition
Published on: March 20, 2013
Dhana G Gorasia1, Paul D Veith1, Eric C Reynolds1
1Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC 3010, Australia.
Abstract:
The type IX secretion system (T9SS) is specific to the Bacteroidetes phylum. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen for periodontitis, utilises the T9SS to transport many proteins-including its gingipain virulence factors-across the outer membrane and attach them to the cell surface. Additionally, the T9SS is also required for gliding motility in motile organisms, such as Flavobacterium johnsoniae. At least nineteen proteins have been identified as components of the T9SS, including the three transcription regulators, PorX, PorY and SigP. Although the components are known, the overall organisation and the molecular mechanism of how the T9SS operates is largely unknown. This review focusses on the recent advances made in the structure, function, and organisation of the T9SS machinery to provide further insight into this highly novel secretion system.
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