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Updated: Dec 13, 2025
A Mouse Model of Hemorrhagic Transformation Induced by Acute Hyperglycemia Combined with Transient Focal Ischemia
Published on: November 15, 2024
Melatonin Alleviates Neuronal Damage After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Hyperglycemic Rats
Feng Liang1, Jianli Wang1, Xiangyu Zhu2
1Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Background:
This study sought to investigate a novel effect of melatonin in reducing brain injury in an in vivo hyperglycemic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model and further explore the mechanisms of protection.
Methods:
Hyperglycemia ICH was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by streptozocin injection followed by autologous blood injection into the striatum. A combined approach including RNA-specific depletion, electron microscopy, magnetic resonance, Western blots, and immunohistological staining was applied to quantify the brain injuries after ICH.
Results:
Hyperglycemia resulted in enlarged hematoma volume, deteriorated brain edema, and aggravated neuronal mitochondria damage 3 days after ICH. Post-treatment with melatonin 2 hours after ICH dose-dependently improved neurological behavioral performance lasting out to 14 days after ICH. This improved neurological function was associated with enhanced structural and functional integrity of mitochondria. Mechanistic studies revealed that melatonin alleviated mitochondria damage in neurons via activating the PPARδ/PGC-1α pathway. Promisingly, melatonin treatment delayed until 6 hours after ICH still reduced brain edema and improved neurological functions. Melatonin supplementation reduces neuronal damage after hyperglycemic ICH by alleviating mitochondria damage in a PPARδ/PGC-1α-dependent manner.
Conclusion:
Melatonin may represent a therapeutic strategy with a wide therapeutic window to reduce brain damage and improve long-term recovery after ICH.
