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Parturition in white rhinoceros.
Robert Hermes1, Frank Göritz1, Miriam Wiesner2
1Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
Theriogenology
|August 7, 2020
Summary
Understanding rhinoceros parturition is crucial for conservation. This study identified key pre-birth indicators, including udder development and progesterone decrease, aiding in predicting birth and managing complications in white rhinoceros.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Reproductive Biology
- Wildlife Conservation
Background:
- Captive rhinoceros experience high stillbirth and perinatal death rates (6-17%).
- There is a significant knowledge gap regarding rhinoceros parturition processes.
- Predicting parturition parameters is vital for identifying dystocia and perinatal issues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To closely examine parturition in white rhinoceros, a critical phase in their reproductive cycle.
- To establish timelines for pre-birth indicators and describe normal parturition stages.
- To provide a guideline for improved birth management in rhinoceros.
Main Methods:
- Recorded pre-birth indicators: udder development, genital swelling, milk production, behavioral changes, and serum progesterone levels in 19 white rhinoceros.
- Documented first, second, and third labor stages, fetal presentation, and perinatal events.
- Established gestational length and compared outcomes based on fetal presentation.
Main Results:
- Udder development and genital swelling observed 3 and 2 weeks prior to birth, respectively.
- Significant milk production increase occurred in the week before parturition, with a peak one day prior.
- Serum progesterone decreased significantly 48 hours before birth; second stage labor averaged 1:50 hours.
- Anterior fetal presentation occurred in 84% of births, with posterior presentation linked to longer expulsion times and stillbirth.
- 95% of calves were born alive, with most standing and nursing within hours; perinatal complications occurred in 10.5% of anterior presentations.
Conclusions:
- Pre-birth changes, including progesterone decline and specific labor stages, provide valuable insights into normal rhinoceros parturition.
- The findings contribute to a better understanding of parturition and can aid in diagnosing dystocia and perinatal complications.
- Establishing normal parturition parameters is essential for improving conservation efforts and ensuring the survival of rhinoceros species.
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