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Climate warming increases spring phenological differences among temperate trees.

Xiaojun Geng1, Yongshuo H Fu1,2, Fanghua Hao1

  • 1College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

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|August 7, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Climate warming is extending the differences in spring leaf-out timing among temperate tree species. Early-leafing trees advanced more than late-leafing ones, altering interspecific differences in spring phenology (IDSP).

Keywords:
climate changeinterspecific differences in spring phenologyphenological shiftphotoperiodtemperature sensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Plant Phenology

Background:

  • Spring phenology, particularly leaf flushing in temperate trees, is influenced by winter chilling and photoperiod.
  • Climate warming advances spring leaf flushing, but its impact on interspecific differences in spring phenology (IDSP) across large scales remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal changes in IDSP for coexisting temperate tree species under climate warming.
  • To determine how climate warming affects the relative timing of leaf flushing among different species.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of long-term in-situ observations (1951-2016) for six temperate tree species across 305 sites in Central Europe.
  • Comparison of phenological data between two periods: 1951-1983 (marginal warming) and 1984-2016 (rapid warming).

Main Results:

  • Phenological ranking among species remained consistent between the two warming periods.
  • Early-flushing species (EFS) showed a significantly larger advance in leaf flushing (6.7 days) compared to late-flushing species (LFS) (5.9 days), extending IDSP.
  • The extension of IDSP was driven by greater heat accumulation effects on leaf flushing in LFS, linked to their higher heat requirement and photoperiod sensitivity, not differences in temperature sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Climate warming is extending interspecific differences in spring phenology among temperate trees.
  • Continued warming is predicted to further amplify IDSP, potentially impacting ecosystem functions and interactions.