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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification ChIRP
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Long noncoding RNA functionality in imprinted domain regulation.

William A MacDonald1,2, Mellissa R W Mann3,4

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.

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|August 8, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic imprinting regulates gene expression from one parental allele. Imprinted long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) control neighboring imprinted genes, offering new research directions in epigenetic regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genomic imprinting is a parent-of-origin dependent transcriptional regulation.
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse functions of lncRNAs.
  • To discuss how lncRNAs regulate imprinted gene expression.
  • To highlight unresolved questions in imprinted lncRNA research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genomic imprinting and lncRNA studies.

Main Results:

  • Imprinted lncRNAs are key regulators of neighboring imprinted genes.
  • lncRNAs exhibit multiple functionalities in gene expression control.

Conclusions:

  • Imprinted lncRNAs are essential for parental-specific gene expression.
  • Further investigation into lncRNA functions may uncover new epigenetic mechanisms.