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Chocolate Candy and Incident Invasive Cancer Risk in the Women's Health Initiative: An Observational Prospective

James A Greenberg1, Marian L Neuhouser2, Lesley F Tinker3

  • 1Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY.

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
|August 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found no link between chocolate candy and total or breast cancer risk. However, frequent chocolate consumption was associated with a modest increase in colorectal cancer risk in postmenopausal women.

Keywords:
Chocolate consumptionInvasive cancerInvasive colorectal cancerObesityWomen’s Health Initiative

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Epidemiology
  • Oncology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Previous laboratory and animal studies suggest a potential inverse relationship between chocolate consumption and cancer risk.
  • Epidemiological evidence on this association remains inconsistent, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between chocolate candy consumption and the incidence of invasive total, breast, colorectal, and lung cancers.
  • The study focused on a large cohort of postmenopausal American women.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study design was employed with a mean follow-up of 14.8 years.
  • Chocolate candy intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire.
  • Invasive cancer events were meticulously evaluated through physician adjudication.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant associations were found between chocolate candy consumption and the risk of total invasive cancer or invasive breast cancer.
  • A modest, statistically significant 18% increased risk of invasive colorectal cancer was observed for women consuming chocolate candy at least 1.5 times per week compared to those consuming it less than once per month.
  • This finding for colorectal cancer may be linked to increased adiposity associated with frequent chocolate consumption.

Conclusions:

  • Chocolate candy consumption was not significantly associated with invasive total or breast cancer risk in the Women's Health Initiative cohort.
  • A modest increase in invasive colorectal cancer risk was observed with frequent chocolate candy intake, warranting further research and confirmation.
  • The potential role of adiposity in the observed association with colorectal cancer requires additional investigation.