Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

5.3K
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
5.3K
Hemoglobin01:24

Hemoglobin

6.9K
Hemoglobin is a globular protein made up of four subunits. Two of these subunits are alpha chains, and the other two are beta chains. Each subunit contains a molecule of heme, which has an iron atom and can bind to oxygen. When an oxygen molecule binds to one heme group, it changes the shape of hemoglobin, making it easier for the other heme groups to bind oxygen as well.
When all four heme groups are bound to oxygen, the resulting molecule is called oxyhemoglobin. As a result, arterial blood...
6.9K
The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

30.8K
Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
30.8K
Protein and Protein Structure02:15

Protein and Protein Structure

85.7K
Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective. They may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly. They are all, however, amino acid polymers arranged in a linear sequence.
A protein's shape is critical to its function. For example, an enzyme...
85.7K
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

55.9K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
55.9K
The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength02:18

The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength

14.6K
The equilibrium binding constant (Kb) quantifies the strength of a protein-ligand interaction. Kb can be calculated as follows when the reaction is at equilibrium:
14.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

O<sup>4</sup>-Modified thymidine analogues with photolabile o-nitrobenzyl group derivatives for modulating polymerase primer extension reaction.

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Development of Frontier Artificial Nucleoside Derivatives through Precise Nucleic Acid Recognition for Drug Discovery.

Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin·2026
Same author

JIS Reference Liquid Detergent Considering the Characteristics of Commercially Available Liquid Detergents.

Journal of oleo science·2026
Same author

Sequence-Selective 2'-O-Acetyl Modification of RNA Mediated by Duplex Formation with a Reactive Oligonucleotide Probe Incorporating 4-Thio-dT.

Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin·2025
Same author

Synthesis of a Pseudocytidine Nucleoside to Form a Stable and Selective Base Pair with Iso-guanosine in RNA.

Organic letters·2025
Same author

New Nucleoside Derivatives for Hybridization-Assisted Catalysis of Site-Selective Acetylation of 2'-OH of RNA.

Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Protein-Condensate Dynamics in Live Human Cells
06:48

Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Protein-Condensate Dynamics in Live Human Cells

Published on: January 5, 2024

4.9K

Kinetic analysis of hemoglobin detergency by probability density functional method.

Miyako Oya1, Yosuke Taniguchi2, Naoaki Fujimura2

  • 1Surgical Department, Kimitsu Chuo Hospital, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba, Japan.

Plos One
|August 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study used a novel kinetic analysis to understand fabric cleaning. Hemoglobin removal was primarily by dissolving, with cleaning power increasing with pH, temperature, and SDS concentration.

More Related Videos

A Rapid and Chemical-free Hemoglobin Assay with Photothermal Angular Light Scattering
05:18

A Rapid and Chemical-free Hemoglobin Assay with Photothermal Angular Light Scattering

Published on: December 7, 2016

10.1K
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate: A Physics-Driven Characterization in a Medical Context
08:07

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate: A Physics-Driven Characterization in a Medical Context

Published on: March 24, 2023

3.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Protein-Condensate Dynamics in Live Human Cells
06:48

Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Protein-Condensate Dynamics in Live Human Cells

Published on: January 5, 2024

4.9K
A Rapid and Chemical-free Hemoglobin Assay with Photothermal Angular Light Scattering
05:18

A Rapid and Chemical-free Hemoglobin Assay with Photothermal Angular Light Scattering

Published on: December 7, 2016

10.1K
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate: A Physics-Driven Characterization in a Medical Context
08:07

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate: A Physics-Driven Characterization in a Medical Context

Published on: March 24, 2023

3.8K

Area of Science:

  • Textile science
  • Surface chemistry
  • Physical chemistry

Background:

  • Protein stains like hemoglobin are challenging to remove from fabrics.
  • Understanding the kinetics of stain removal is crucial for developing effective laundry detergents.
  • Traditional washing tests often lack detailed mechanistic insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the kinetics of hemoglobin removal from fabrics using a probability density functional method.
  • To quantify cleaning power and mechanism using parameters σrl and μrl.
  • To analyze the influence of pH, temperature, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration on cleaning efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Fabric samples were contaminated with hemoglobin, dried, and steam-treated.
  • Washing tests were conducted for 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes.
  • Kinetic analysis employed the probability density functional method to calculate σrl and μrl parameters.
  • Experiments varied pH, temperature, and SDS concentration.

Main Results:

  • The parameter σrl indicated that hemoglobin removal occurred via a dissolving action.
  • The cleaning power parameter μrl increased with higher pH, SDS concentration, and temperature.
  • An additive relationship was observed between the effects of pH/SDS concentration and temperature on cleaning power.

Conclusions:

  • The probability density functional method provides a robust framework for analyzing protein stain removal kinetics.
  • Optimizing laundry conditions (pH, temperature, detergent concentration) can significantly enhance hemoglobin stain removal.
  • The findings suggest synergistic effects between different washing parameters, particularly temperature with pH or SDS concentration.