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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
341
Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

246
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C
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Neuroimmunologic disorders in pregnancy.

Seth Levin1, Kathryn Rimmer1, Wendy S Vargas2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Columbia University Multiple Sclerosis Center, New York, NY, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|August 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Pregnancy impacts neuroimmunologic disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS) differently. Understanding these effects and current data empowers women with MS to make informed decisions about childbearing.

Keywords:
Autoimmune encephalitisDemyelinationDisease modifying drugsImmune toleranceLymphocytesMultiple sclerosisNeuroimmunologyNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

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Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using PolyI:C to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring
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Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
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Related Experiment Videos

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Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using PolyI:C to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring
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Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Obstetrics
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Pregnancy influences neuroimmunologic conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and autoimmune encephalitis.
  • Disease outcomes vary significantly during pregnancy due to hormonal shifts, T-cell dynamics, and placental factors.
  • Historically, misconceptions about pregnancy worsening MS led to childbearing avoidance, but recent data and improved disease management encourage conception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the pathophysiology of neuroimmunologic disorders during pregnancy and postpartum.
  • To discuss the impact of these conditions on fertility, pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period.
  • To review existing recommendations for managing neuroimmunologic disorders in pregnant and postpartum patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on neuroimmunologic disorders in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of hormonal, immunological, and placental factors influencing disease activity.
  • Synthesis of existing clinical recommendations and shared decision-making principles.

Main Results:

  • Pregnancy outcomes for neuroimmunologic disorders are diverse, influenced by specific disease characteristics and maternal factors.
  • Increased data on MS activity during pregnancy and postpartum is available.
  • Women with neuroimmunologic disorders are increasingly choosing to conceive due to better disease control and information.

Conclusions:

  • Management of neuroimmunologic disorders during pregnancy and postpartum is complex and requires a personalized approach.
  • Lack of standardized guidelines necessitates shared decision-making between patients, neurologists, and obstetricians.
  • Balancing maternal benefits and fetal risks is crucial in treatment planning for pregnant patients with neuroimmunologic conditions.