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Updated: Dec 12, 2025

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
Published on: June 2, 2014
Migraine and other headache disorders in pregnancy
Daphne S van Casteren1, Antoinette Maassen van den Brink2, Gisela M Terwindt3
1Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
Migraine prevalence is three times higher in women than in men during fertile years, which is mainly due to sex hormone differences. The majority of women suffering from migraine without aura report improvement of their migraine attacks during pregnancy. Migraine attacks with aura can also improve during pregnancy, but more often remain the same or worsen. Anovulation caused by lactation is generally associated with a decrease in migraine attacks in breastfeeding women. This chapter describes the current knowledge on acute and prophylactic treatment options of migraine and other primary headache disorders during pregnancy and lactation. Further, clinical profiles of secondary headaches during pregnancy and the postpartum period are summarized.
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