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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo
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Rasmussen's encephalitis: From immune pathogenesis towards targeted-therapy.

A Orsini1, T Foiadelli2, N Carli1

  • 1Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy.

Seizure
|August 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) is an autoimmune brain inflammation. While surgery is definitive, immunosuppressive therapies offer treatment options for RE, especially with T-cell targeted drugs.

Keywords:
AutoimmunityBiologic drugsEpilepsia partialis continuaEpilepsyImmunosuppressive agentsImmunotherapyRasmussen encephalitis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Neuroinflammation

Background:

  • Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) is a rare autoimmune condition affecting one brain hemisphere.
  • Key features include drug-resistant epilepsy, hemiparesis, and cognitive decline.
  • Currently, surgical hemispherectomy is the only definitive treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation, autoimmune pathogenesis, and therapeutic strategies for RE.
  • To evaluate the role of immunosuppressive agents in managing RE.
  • To explore novel targeted therapies based on RE's immune mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of literature up to 2020.
  • Inclusion of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, observational studies, clinical trials, and case reports.
  • Focus on evidence supporting autoimmune involvement and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Autoimmune pathogenesis is confirmed in RE.
  • Immunosuppressive therapy shows potential, particularly for slow-progressing cases or when surgery is contraindicated.
  • T-cell involvement and specific cytokine profiles suggest efficacy of targeted therapies like anti-TNFα agents.

Conclusions:

  • Immunosuppressive agents are a viable therapeutic consideration for Rasmussen encephalitis.
  • Targeted immunotherapies, including biologic drugs, represent a promising future direction for RE treatment.
  • Further research into immune-modulating strategies is warranted for RE management.