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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
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GATA3 expression in the solid cell nest of thyroid.

Pavithra Ayyanar1, Suvradeep Mitra1, Suvendu Purkait1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology
|August 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Solid cell nests (SCN) mimic thyroid cancer. Recent findings show GATA3 is a useful marker to distinguish benign SCN from papillary microcarcinoma, confirmed in three new cases.

Keywords:
GATA3p63papillary microtumorsolid cell nestthyroid

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Oncologic Histopathology

Background:

  • Solid cell nests (SCN) are benign thyroid lesions.
  • SCN can histologically resemble papillary microcarcinoma, a common thyroid malignancy.
  • Distinguishing SCN from papillary microcarcinoma is crucial for appropriate patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of GATA3 immunohistochemistry in differentiating SCN from papillary microcarcinoma.
  • To report GATA3 expression in a series of SCN cases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of histopathological features of SCN.
  • Immunohistochemical staining for GATA3 on SCN and papillary microcarcinoma cases.
  • Correlation of GATA3 expression with morphological findings.

Main Results:

  • GATA3 positivity was observed in the three documented cases of SCN.
  • Previous studies have indicated a limited number of immunohistochemical markers for SCN.
  • GATA3 has recently emerged as a potential marker for SCN.

Conclusions:

  • GATA3 is a potentially valuable immunohistochemical marker for identifying solid cell nests.
  • GATA3 positivity supports the distinction of benign SCN from malignant papillary microcarcinoma.
  • Further studies are warranted to confirm the role of GATA3 in thyroid lesion diagnostics.