Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Estimation of the Physical Quantities01:05

Estimation of the Physical Quantities

7.0K
On many occasions, physicists, other scientists, and engineers need to make estimates of a particular quantity. These are sometimes referred to as guesstimates, order-of-magnitude approximations, back-of-the-envelope calculations, or Fermi calculations. The physicist Enrico Fermi was famous for his ability to estimate various kinds of data with surprising precision. Estimating does not mean guessing a number or a formula at random. Instead, estimation means using prior experience and sound...
7.0K
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

1.6K
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
1.6K
The Dot Product01:26

The Dot Product

107
Measuring how one directional quantity affects another along a specific path involves comparing their orientation and strength. When two such quantities are represented using direction and amount, a numerical result is computed to show how much one acts along the path of the other. This result comes from a rule combining both inputs' horizontal and vertical parts and adding the results.This calculation gives a single value that grows larger when both inputs point in similar directions and...
107
Central Tendency: Analysis01:10

Central Tendency: Analysis

364
Measures of central tendency are tools used in biostatistics to identify the average or center of a dataset. They offer a single representative value for understanding and summarizing data distribution.
The mean is one such measure, calculated by totaling all values in a dataset and dividing by the number of values. For instance, the mean blood pressure reading (120, 130, 140, 150) would be 135. However, the mean can be affected by extreme values or outliers.
The median, another measure,...
364
Base Quantities and Derived Quantities01:14

Base Quantities and Derived Quantities

25.2K
In any system of units, the units for some physical quantities must be specified through a measurement process. These measurements are the base quantities of the system, and their units are the base units of the system. The algebraic combinations of the base values can then be used to express all other physical quantities. Each of these physical quantities is then referred to as a derived quantity, with each unit being referred to as a derived unit.
The International Organization for...
25.2K
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

1.0K
Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Robust representation of the spatial arrangement of topological features.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same author

Ensemble size perception as a case study of the bounds of adaptation.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same author

Distortions of space and time in and around objects and events.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same author

Unfolding event structure distorts subjective time.

Cognition·2025
Same author

Can we "see" value? Spatiotopic "visual" adaptation to an imperceptible dimension.

Cognition·2025
Same author

No privileged link between intentionality and causation: Generalizable effects of agency in language.

Cognition·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

3.1K

Area, not number, dominates estimates of visual quantities.

Sami R Yousif1, Frank C Keil2

  • 1Psychology Department, Yale University, New Haven, USA. sami.yousif@yale.edu.

Scientific Reports
|August 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Perceived area, not mathematical area, significantly impacts numerical estimation. This challenges prior research on approximate number, suggesting a need to control for perceived area in future studies.

More Related Videos

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
07:45

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

4.8K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

3.1K
Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
07:45

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

4.8K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Psychophysics
  • Numerical cognition

Background:

  • The study of numerical estimation assumes independence from spatial dimensions like area.
  • Previous research attempted to isolate numerical processing by controlling for continuous variables.
  • Recent findings indicate a discrepancy between true area and perceived area, questioning prior methodologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between perceived area and numerical estimation.
  • To determine if perceived area confounds previous findings in approximate number research.
  • To re-evaluate the control dimensions in numerical cognition studies.

Main Methods:

  • Four experiments were conducted to analyze the influence of perceived area on numerosity judgments.
  • Stimuli were designed to control for perceived area, mathematical area, and number.
  • Psychophysical judgments were used to assess perceived area and number acuity.

Main Results:

  • Perceived area, not mathematical area, strongly predicted numerosity judgments.
  • Perceived area influenced perceived number, but not vice versa.
  • Number acuity significantly decreased when stimuli were controlled for perceived area.
  • The ability to discriminate 'additive area' predicted number discrimination, unlike mathematical area.

Conclusions:

  • Perceived area is a critical confound in approximate number research.
  • Prior studies may have systematically controlled for inappropriate dimensions.
  • New theoretical and methodological approaches are needed for studying numerical estimation.