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Trust in artificial intelligence for medical diagnoses.

Georgiana Juravle1, Andriana Boudouraki2, Miglena Terziyska3

  • 1Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania.

Progress in Brain Research
|August 11, 2020
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Summary

Patients show lower trust in artificial intelligence (AI) medical diagnoses, especially for high-risk conditions. However, giving patients a choice in selecting their AI or human doctor significantly increases trust in AI diagnostic tools.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Medical Artificial Intelligence
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Trust in artificial intelligence (AI) is crucial for its adoption in healthcare.
  • Understanding factors influencing patient trust in AI medical diagnoses is essential for clinical implementation.
  • Previous research suggests a general hesitancy towards AI in high-stakes decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate patient trust in artificial intelligence (AI) as a primary and secondary medical diagnosis tool.
  • To compare trust levels between human and AI diagnoses across different risk levels.
  • To test methods for increasing patient trust in AI medical diagnoses.

Main Methods:

  • Three online experiments were conducted.
  • Experiment 1: Compared trust in sequential diagnoses from human-AI, AI-human, and human-human pairings for low and high-risk diseases.
  • Experiment 3: Tested interventions to increase trust, including performance comparisons and choice-based nudging.

Main Results:

  • Overall trust in AI diagnoses was lower than in human diagnoses, particularly for high-risk diseases.
  • Participants did not expect higher performance standards from AI and were not swayed by claims of AI superiority.
  • Trust in AI diagnoses significantly increased when participants were given a choice between AI and human doctors.

Conclusions:

  • Patient control over the choice of medical practitioner is a key factor in building trust for AI diagnoses.
  • Simply informing patients about AI's superior performance does not enhance trust.
  • Nudging patients towards AI through choice presents a viable strategy for increasing acceptance of AI in medical diagnosis.