Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 12, 2025
06:57
Transaxillary First Rib Resection for Treatment of the Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Published on: September 13, 2020
3.7K
The Incidence of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Karl A Illig1, Eduardo Rodriguez-Zoppi2, Travis Bland3
1Dialysis Access Center, The Regional Medical Center, Orangeburg, SC.
Annals of Vascular Surgery
|August 11, 2020
Summary
The incidence of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS) is 2-3 cases per 100,000 people annually, and venous thoracic outlet syndrome (VTOS) is 0.5-1 per 100,000. These rates are lower than previously estimated.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Surgery
- Neurology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) encompasses various compressive issues at the thoracic outlet.
- Despite historical recognition and treatment advancements since the 1970s, TOS incidence and prevalence remain largely unknown.
- This study aimed to determine the incidence and prevalence of different TOS types.
Purpose of the Study:
- To prospectively determine the incidence and prevalence of neurogenic (NTOS), venous (VTOS), and arterial (ATOS) thoracic outlet syndromes.
- To establish a database for patients presenting with potential TOS.
- To provide updated epidemiological data for TOS subtypes.
Main Methods:
- A prospective database was created for patients referred with potential TOS from July 2014 to May 2018.
- Standardized workups were used for NTOS, while VTOS and ATOS diagnoses involved clinical examination, ultrasound, and imaging.
- Data collected included subjective information, tentative diagnoses, and treatment plans.
Main Results:
- 526 patients were referred with possible TOS; 82% suspected NTOS, 16% VTOS, and 2% ATOS.
- Estimated incidence: NTOS 2-3/100,000/year, VTOS 0.5-1/100,000/year; ATOS is sporadic.
- Of referred patients, 54% were high suspicion for NTOS, 30% moderate, and 17% low. VTOS subtypes included Paget-Schroetter syndrome (30%), chronic occlusion (48%), and McCleery's syndrome (21%).
Conclusions:
- The annual incidence is approximately 25 cases of NTOS and 8 cases of VTOS per million population.
- While TOS is rare, these incidence rates are significant and lower than prior estimates.
- Updated epidemiological data can inform clinical practice and resource allocation for TOS management.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
114
Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
114
01:15Thoracic Aorta
1.2K
The thoracic section of the aorta begins at the T5 vertebra and extends to the T12 level at the diaphragm, initially progressing through the mediastinum to the left of the spinal column. Throughout its course in the thoracic segment, the thoracic aorta emits various offshoots known collectively as visceral and parietal branches. The branches that predominantly supply blood to visceral organs are termed visceral branches and include bronchial, pericardial, esophageal, and mediastinal arteries,...
1.2K
01:26Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management
181
Nursing Assessment:Nursing management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) involves taking the patient's history, focusing on primary complaints such as chest pain, dyspnea, and excessive sweating (diaphoresis), as well as other symptoms like back or jaw pain, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue. The nurse also reviews the patient's history of cardiac events, risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, family history, and current medications.In the objective assessment,...
181
01:24Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity
5.2K
Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
Breathing Mechanisms
Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs...
Breathing Mechanisms
Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs...
5.2K
01:17The Thoracic Cage: Sternum
5.0K
The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
The sternum is the elongated bony structure on the anterior side of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid...
The sternum is the elongated bony structure on the anterior side of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid...
5.0K
01:21Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation
228
Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
228