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Using a multi-dimensional approach for catchment scale herbicide pollution assessments.

Majid Ali Khan1, Fabiola Barros Costa1, Owen Fenton1

  • 1Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, Co. Wexford, Ireland.

The Science of the Total Environment
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Summary

Agricultural herbicides contaminate streams and groundwater, exceeding drinking water standards in some areas. Poorly drained soils in grassland catchments showed higher herbicide concentrations than arable catchments. Persistent residues and hydrological conditions influence water pollution.

Keywords:
AgricultureDrinking waterGroundwaterPassive samplingPesticidesSurface water

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Agricultural Science
  • Hydrology

Background:

  • Worldwide agricultural herbicide use is essential for crop yields but poses risks to water quality.
  • Controlling factors in agricultural catchments include both static and dynamic parameters, influencing chemical transport.
  • Understanding herbicide fate and transport is crucial for mitigating water pollution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence and concentrations of herbicides in streams and groundwater across two contrasting agricultural catchments.
  • To identify the influence of land use (grassland vs. arable) and soil drainage on herbicide contamination.
  • To assess herbicide levels against European Union drinking water standards.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-dimensional monitoring of streams using Chemcatcher® passive sampling devices over one year (November 2018-November 2019).
  • Sampling of groundwater in 95 private drinking water wells.
  • Analysis of herbicide concentrations and comparison with EU drinking water standards.

Main Results:

  • Herbicide concentrations were significantly higher in the stream of the grassland catchment (poorly drained soils) compared to the arable catchment (well-drained soils).
  • Herbicides were detected in 38% of drinking water wells, with some exceeding EU standards, particularly in grassland areas with well-drained soils.
  • Herbicides persisted in streams year-round, with higher mass loads in winter, indicating soil persistence and limited degradation.

Conclusions:

  • Agricultural herbicides are present in both surface and groundwater, even in areas not typically associated with high pollution.
  • Hydrological conditions and soil properties significantly influence herbicide losses to water bodies.
  • Collaborative, catchment-based measures are needed to mitigate herbicide pollution in water resources.