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Related Concept Videos

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts—...
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Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
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Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Proximal Cadaveric Femur Preparation for Fracture Strength Testing and Quantitative CT-based Finite Element Analysis
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Proximal Cadaveric Femur Preparation for Fracture Strength Testing and Quantitative CT-based Finite Element Analysis

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The bone prone team.

Sagar Kulkarni1,2

  • 1Department of Critical Care, Intensive Care Unit Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Standing Way Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK6 5LD, United Kingdom.

Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma
|August 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Orthopaedic surgeons adapted to treat intensive care unit patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This pivot involved applying surgical skills to critical care challenges, demonstrating professional resilience and adaptability.

Keywords:
COVID-19CoronavirusGeneral orthopaedicsIntensive careProne-position ventilation

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Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Surgery
  • Intensive Care Medicine

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated significant adaptations in healthcare delivery.
  • Elective orthopaedic procedures were suspended in the United Kingdom.
  • Intensive care units faced unprecedented patient loads.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the experience of orthopaedic surgeons redeployed to intensive care units.
  • To highlight the challenges and contributions of non-critical care specialists in managing COVID-19 patients.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative narrative of orthopaedic surgeons' transition to critical care.
  • Description of the clinical environment and patient management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Orthopaedic surgeons provided essential support in intensive care settings.
  • The redeployment required rapid upskilling and adaptation to new clinical demands.
  • Collaboration between surgical and critical care teams was crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Orthopaedic surgeons demonstrated significant adaptability and resilience during the pandemic.
  • The experience highlights the potential for interdisciplinary collaboration in healthcare crises.
  • Lessons learned can inform future pandemic preparedness and workforce flexibility.