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Related Concept Videos

Bias01:22

Bias

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Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
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Halo Effect01:27

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The halo effect is a cognitive bias in which an individual's overall impression influences judgments about their specific traits. This psychological phenomenon leads people to associate positive characteristics with those they perceive as generally good and negative characteristics with those they view as bad. This effect is particularly influential in social perception, professional evaluations, and decision-making processes.The Psychological Basis of the Halo EffectThe halo effect is rooted...
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Blind Procedures02:07

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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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Correspondence Bias01:17

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Correspondence bias, also referred to as the fundamental attribution error, describes the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to internal characteristics rather than situational influences. This cognitive bias leads individuals to overlook external factors that may be influencing actions, thereby fostering potentially inaccurate assessments of others’ intentions and dispositions.Empirical Evidence for Correspondence BiasResearch has consistently demonstrated the...
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Cause and Effect01:53

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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
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Stereotype Content Model02:16

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The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing
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The rule-based insensitivity effect: a systematic review.

Ama Kissi1, Colin Harte1, Sean Hughes1

  • 1Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

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|August 11, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preliminary evidence suggests adults exhibit the rule-based insensitivity effect (RBIE), but psychological problems do not appear to worsen this adherence to inaccurate rules. Further research is needed.

Keywords:
Insensitivity effectInstructionRuleRule-governed behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • The rule-based insensitivity effect (RBIE) describes adherence to inaccurate rules, a phenomenon often observed in human rule-following.
  • Existing theories suggest the RBIE may be exacerbated in individuals with clinical or psychological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review evidence for the RBIE in adult populations.
  • To investigate whether psychological problems amplify the RBIE compared to non-clinical individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of 1464 records, resulting in 21 eligible studies.
  • Analysis focused on evidence for RBIE in adults and its moderation by psychological status.
  • Investigated operationalization of RBIE, external validity, and risk of bias in included studies.

Main Results:

  • Preliminary evidence indicates adults may exhibit the RBIE, with rule groups showing reinforced behavior post-contingency change.
  • Inconclusive findings regarding the RBIE's presence due to inadequate comparison groups in most studies.
  • No conclusive evidence was found to support the hypothesis that psychological problems exacerbate the RBIE in adults.

Conclusions:

  • Current systematic review suggests only preliminary evidence supports the RBIE in adults.
  • No empirical evidence supports the claim that psychological conditions worsen the RBIE in adult populations.
  • Significant limitations in study design and reporting hinder definitive conclusions.