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Vaporization

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The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. For vaporization to occur, kinetic energy must be greater than the intermolecular forces that keep molecules bonded. The amount of energy needed to vaporize a quantity of liquid at a given pressure and a constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. When...

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Updated: Dec 12, 2025

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Published on: February 24, 2016

Three-phase vaporization theory for laser-activated microcapsules.

Guillaume Lajoinie¹, Mirjam Visscher^2,1, Emilie Blazejewski³

¹Physics of Fluids Group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Center and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.

|August 11, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Laser-activated microcapsules with volatile oil cores vaporize more effectively, generating distinct acoustic signals. This research enhances understanding of controlled vaporization for applications in medicine and energy.

Keywords:

Bubble Cavitation Heat transfer Microcapsules Photoacoustics Thermodynamics Vaporization

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Area of Science:

Thermodynamics
Acoustics
Materials Science

Background:

Precision control of vaporization is crucial for applications like medical imaging, therapy, catalysis, and energy conversion.
Micro- and nano-sized light absorbers can significantly improve vaporization control.
Understanding the fundamental vaporization process is key to optimizing these applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the laser-activated vaporization of polymeric microcapsules containing volatile versus non-volatile oil cores.
To theoretically model the vaporization process, considering heat transfer and microbubble growth.
To validate the theoretical model against experimental observations of cavitation events.

Main Methods:

Development of a three-phase thermodynamics model accounting for partial vaporization of the core and surrounding fluid.
Laser irradiation of polymeric microcapsules containing dye and either volatile or non-volatile oil.
Ultra-high-speed imaging to record cavitation events and microbubble growth.
Comparison of theoretical predictions with experimental data.

Main Results:

Laser-activated capsules with volatile oil cores exhibit distinct vaporization dynamics compared to those with non-volatile cores.
The three-phase thermodynamics model accurately predicts the vaporization behavior and acoustic signatures.
Experimental results show convincing agreement with the theoretical model, validating its predictive power.

Conclusions:

The study provides a fundamental understanding of laser-induced vaporization in microcapsules.
The developed model offers a reliable tool for predicting and controlling vaporization processes.
Findings can guide the design of microcapsules for enhanced performance in various scientific and technological applications.