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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

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The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

313
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
313
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters01:11

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

346
The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
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Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection
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Extravesical Ectopic Ureteral Calculus Obstruction in a Completely Duplicated Collecting System.

Andrew Katims1, Daniel C Rosen1, Ryan Chandhoke1

  • 1Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

Journal of Endourology Case Reports
|August 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Complete ureteral duplication with ectopic ureteral insertion into the urethra is rare. Ureteroscopy successfully treated a ureteral stone in this unique case, highlighting considerations for prostatectomy patients.

Keywords:
ectopic ureternephrolithiasisureteral duplicationureteral obstruction

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Medical Case Reports

Background:

  • Complete ureteral duplication is an uncommon congenital anomaly.
  • Ectopic ureteral insertion, particularly into the urethra, is exceptionally rare.
  • Ureteral stones can obstruct duplicated systems, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Observation:

  • A 75-year-old male patient presented with a complete unilateral ureteral duplication.
  • The patient had a history of robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy.
  • An ectopic ureter, part of the duplicated system, inserted into the urethra and was obstructed by a ureteral stone.

Findings:

  • Ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy was performed to treat the ureteral stone.
  • The procedure effectively removed the obstructing stone.
  • The ectopic ureter's insertion into the urethra was a critical factor in the clinical presentation.

Implications:

  • Ectopic ureters can arise from various Wolffian duct structures.
  • Prostatectomy, especially with bladder neck reconstruction, may iatrogenically alter ureteral position.
  • Urologists must consider the possibility of ectopic ureters in patients with a history of prostatectomy undergoing ureteroscopy.