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X-ray Raman scattering for bulk chemical and structural insight into green carbon
Luke J R Higgins1, Christoph J Sahle, Mahalingam Balasubramanian
1School of Chemical & Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. B.Mishra@leeds.ac.uk.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|August 11, 2020
Summary
X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) spectroscopy reveals structural differences in carbons derived from biomass. This technique offers a robust method for analyzing sustainable carbon materials, aiding in understanding their complex structures.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Spectroscopy
- Sustainable Chemistry
Background:
- X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) spectroscopy is an emerging technique for analyzing low-Z elements.
- Thermochemically-produced carbons from renewable resources offer a sustainable route for advanced materials.
- Understanding the local structure of these carbons is crucial for optimizing their applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To apply XRS spectroscopy to study biomass-derived pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbons.
- To compare the structural characteristics of these carbons using XRS.
- To investigate the resilience of XRS compared to other techniques like NEXAFS.
Main Methods:
- Application of X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) spectroscopy.
- Analysis of biomass-derived (Oak, Quercus Ilex) pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbons.
- Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for XRS spectral simulations.
- Comparison of carbon structures obtained at different pyrolysis temperatures (450 °C and 650 °C).
Main Results:
- XRS spectroscopy confirmed distinct local structural differences between pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbons.
- Hydrothermal carbon was identified as a disordered material primarily composed of furan units linked by α-carbon atoms.
- Pyrolysis carbons showed increased structural condensation with higher temperatures (450 °C vs. 650 °C).
- XRS proved more resistant to experimental artifacts like self-absorption compared to NEXAFS.
Conclusions:
- XRS spectroscopy is a valuable and robust tool for characterizing the local structure of sustainable carbon materials.
- Hydrothermal carbon exhibits a highly disordered structure, while pyrolysis carbon shows temperature-dependent structural evolution.
- A semi-quantitative method for assessing pyrolysis condensation was proposed based on the XRS results.
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