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Development and decision-making in the mammalian cerebral cortex.

S K McConnell1

  • 1Vision Center Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA 92138.

Brain Research
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Neurobiology research reveals that early developmental events, like a neuron's birth date, may predetermine its fate in the mammalian cerebral cortex. Local cues then refine these early decisions for precise neural connections.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurobiology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Cellular Neuroscience

Background:

  • Understanding the development of the nervous system is crucial for explaining its adult precision.
  • The mammalian cerebral cortex serves as a key model for studying neural development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review progress in understanding how cortical neurons establish their specific fates during development.
  • To explore the role of intrinsic cellular properties versus external cues in neuronal differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on mammalian cerebral cortex development.
  • Analysis of studies involving the 'reeler' mouse mutant.
  • Examination of research using pharmacological interventions and transplantation techniques to manipulate neuronal fates.

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Main Results:

  • A correlation exists between a neuron's 'birthday' and its final position and projection patterns.
  • Evidence suggests that some neuronal fate decisions are intrinsic properties, potentially made before migration.
  • The 'reeler' mutation and experimental manipulations provide insights into developmental commitment.

Conclusions:

  • Early commitment events in the cerebral cortex likely specify laminar position and restrict potential axonal projections.
  • Local positional cues guide neurons to select specific projections from restricted possibilities.
  • Neuronal development involves a combination of early intrinsic determination and later environmental refinement.