Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

794
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
794

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis (SCAD): imaging features, diagnostic pitfalls, and multidisciplinary correlation.

Abdominal radiology (New York)·2026
Same author

Determinants of Impaired Left Atrial Hemodynamics in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: A 4D Flow MRI Study.

Journal of imaging·2026
Same author

Evolutionary Responses to Historic Drought across the Range of Scarlet Monkeyflower.

The American naturalist·2025
Same author

Evolution of floral traits and mating systems under drought: a range-wide study of <i>Mimulus cardinalis</i>.

AoB PLANTS·2025
Same author

Synesthesia is associated with distinctive patterns in dream content.

Consciousness and cognition·2025
Same author

Blood flow stasis improvements after simulated occlusion of the left atrial appendage in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using 4-D computed tomography.

The Journal of physiology·2025
Same journal

Dynorphinergic neuroadaptations in the islands of Calleja: implications for alcohol use disorder.

Neuroscience letters·2026
Same journal

Differential vulnerability of cochlear nuclei to Lmx1 deficiency: abnormal patterning and implications for auditory circuitry.

Neuroscience letters·2026
Same journal

Role of nNOS/sGC pathway in the insular cortex in control of cardiovascular, autonomic and corticosterone responses to restraint stress in rats.

Neuroscience letters·2026
Same journal

Jak1 inhibition reduces acute allodynia induced by specific upstream cytokines in rats: implications for the onset of Jak1 pain modulation.

Neuroscience letters·2026
Same journal

Glucocorticoids-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice: oral ingestion of corticosterone or hydrocortisone - A comparative study.

Neuroscience letters·2026
Same journal

Data-driven clustering of prefrontal activation identifies functional phenotypes under prioritized dual-task walking conditions in Parkinson's disease.

Neuroscience letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Pupillometry to Assess Auditory Sensation in Guinea Pigs
09:25

Pupillometry to Assess Auditory Sensation in Guinea Pigs

Published on: January 6, 2023

2.1K

GABA, noise and gain in human visual cortex.

Stephen T Hammett1, Emily Cook1, Omar Hassan1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX UK.

Neuroscience Letters
|August 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Higher brain GABA levels enhance cognitive performance by reducing neural noise. This study links GABA concentration to visual processing, showing increased suppression with higher GABA, which lowers neural sensitivity but not perception.

Keywords:
GABAcontrast discriminationgaininhibitionneural noisesuppressionvisual cortex

More Related Videos

An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces
10:51

An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces

Published on: March 10, 2011

14.1K
Methods for the Discovery of Novel Compounds Modulating a Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Type A Neurotransmission
07:16

Methods for the Discovery of Novel Compounds Modulating a Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Type A Neurotransmission

Published on: August 16, 2018

13.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Pupillometry to Assess Auditory Sensation in Guinea Pigs
09:25

Pupillometry to Assess Auditory Sensation in Guinea Pigs

Published on: January 6, 2023

2.1K
An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces
10:51

An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces

Published on: March 10, 2011

14.1K
Methods for the Discovery of Novel Compounds Modulating a Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Type A Neurotransmission
07:16

Methods for the Discovery of Novel Compounds Modulating a Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Type A Neurotransmission

Published on: August 16, 2018

13.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
  • High GABA levels are linked to improved cognitive and perceptual functions.
  • The exact mechanisms by which GABA influences neural noise and performance are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between individual differences in visual cortex GABA concentration and performance on a visual contrast discrimination task.
  • To explore the neural mechanisms underlying GABA's effects on visual processing.

Main Methods:

  • Measured GABA concentration in the visual cortex of participants.
  • Assessed performance on a visual contrast discrimination task.
  • Utilized a biologically plausible network model of excitatory and suppressive neural populations to simulate findings.

Main Results:

  • A strong correlation was found between GABA concentration and the facilitatory strength of the "dipper" function in the contrast discrimination task.
  • The network model indicated that increased GABA concentration leads to stronger neural suppression.
  • Individual variations in GABA correlated with model-predicted inhibition strength and inversely with response criterion magnitude.

Conclusions:

  • Increased GABA concentration enhances visual performance by reducing neural noise through increased suppression.
  • This enhanced suppression paradoxically reduces neural sensitivity but not perceptual sensitivity.
  • GABA's role in cognitive enhancement involves a dual mechanism of noise reduction and modulation of neural gain.