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Related Concept Videos

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education
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Proficiency testing for identifying underperforming students before postgraduate education: a longitudinal study.

Vasiliki Andreou1, Jan Eggermont2, Guy Gielis3

  • 1Department of Public Health and Primacy Care, Academic Center for General Practice, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33 Blok j-Box 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. vasiliki.andreou@kuleuven.be.

BMC Medical Education
|August 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A multicomponent proficiency test can identify medical students at risk of underperforming in general practice (GP) training. Low scores on the test correlate with cognitive and non-cognitive skill gaps during traineeship, suggesting a need for early intervention.

Keywords:
General practiceMedical educationPostgraduate educationProficiency testingSchool admissionValidity

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Healthcare Quality Improvement

Background:

  • Effective selection of medical students for General Practice (GP) training is crucial for healthcare quality.
  • A multicomponent proficiency test was developed to assess cognitive and non-cognitive competencies before postgraduate GP training.
  • Data were collected from 894 medical students across four Flemish universities between 2016 and 2018.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To gather quantitative and qualitative evidence on the validity of a multicomponent proficiency test.
  • To identify underperforming medical students prior to their entry into postgraduate GP training.

Main Methods:

  • A multicomponent proficiency test was administered to 849 medical students.
  • Mentors' narrative reports were collected and thematically analyzed to identify cognitive and non-cognitive competencies.
  • Statistical analyses (Chi-square tests, odds ratio) were used to associate test scores with performance during traineeship.

Main Results:

  • Test scores were normally distributed.
  • Five descriptive labels emerged from mentor reports, reflecting cognitive and non-cognitive skills.
  • A significant association was found between low proficiency test scores and identified competency gaps during GP traineeship.

Conclusions:

  • The multicomponent proficiency test effectively identifies students likely to underperform in GP training.
  • Students in the lowest score quartile were more likely to be flagged for underperformance.
  • Low test scores indicate a need for targeted guidance and early remediation for both cognitive and non-cognitive skills.