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Enhancer evolutionary co-option through shared chromatin accessibility input.

Yaqun Xin1, Yann Le Poul1, Liucong Ling1

  • 1Fakultät für Biologie, Biozentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enhancer co-option, where a DNA sequence gains new regulatory roles, is crucial for organismal form. This study shows the Drosophila yellow gene

Keywords:
chromatinenhancerpattern formationregulatory evolutiontranscriptional regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Multicellular organismal diversity arises from spatial gene redeployment.
  • Emergence of cis-regulatory elements explains novel gene expression patterns.
  • Enhancer co-option, a rare mechanism, fuels morphological diversification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate enhancer co-option using two regulatory activities of the Drosophila yellow gene.
  • Determine if the spot enhancer co-opted sequences from the wing blade enhancer.
  • Explore the role of sequence overlap and pleiotropy in enhancer evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Precise quantification of enhancer activities in Drosophila wings.
  • Systematic mapping of regulatory sequences along the locus.
  • Analysis of pleiotropic sites and DNA accessibility.

Main Results:

  • The spot enhancer has co-opted sequences from the wing blade enhancer.
  • A pleiotropic site essential for DNA accessibility in a shared regulatory region was identified.
  • Evidence suggests enhancer accessibility may seed evolutionary co-option.

Conclusions:

  • Enhancer co-option is demonstrated in the Drosophila yellow gene.
  • Pleiotropy and DNA accessibility play roles in enhancer sequence evolution.
  • This provides insights into molecular mechanisms driving evolutionary innovation.