Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Unrealistic Optimism Bias01:30

Unrealistic Optimism Bias

131
Unrealistic optimism bias is the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes. This cognitive bias makes individuals believe they are less likely to experience failures, setbacks, or risks and more likely to succeed than others. For example, people may assume they are less prone to health issues, accidents, or financial struggles than their peers, even when they share similar risk factors.One key component of this bias is the above-average effect, where individuals perceive...
131
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

4.2K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
4.2K
Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

6.7K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.7K
Guidelines for Writing Outcome01:11

Guidelines for Writing Outcome

3.5K
When developing expected outcomes for a patient care plan, the nurse should adhere to the following recommendations:
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care...
3.5K
The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

295
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
295
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predicted Value01:13

Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predicted Value

1.1K
In healthcare diagnostics, laboratory tests play a crucial role in identifying and diagnosing a wide range of medical conditions. However, interpreting test results is not always straightforward. An abnormal test result does not always confirm the presence of a disease, just as a normal result does not guarantee its absence. To assess the reliability of these diagnostic tools, healthcare practitioners rely on two key statistical indicators: sensitivity and specificity.
Sensitivity is the...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Characterization of the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of TCF7L2-related neurodevelopmental disorder (TRND).

Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics·2026
Same author

Applied behavioral and decision sciences in support of US FDA's drug regulatory mission.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Science in service: Behavioral research applications across federal agencies.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Height variation independent of known genetic variants and health in later life: a cohort study.

The American journal of clinical nutrition·2026
Same author

Enhancing Transparency, Auditability, and Reproducibility of Deduplication in Systematic Reviews: A Tutorial for the Rayyan Method and Systematic Auto Resolver Feature.

Interactive journal of medical research·2026
Same author

Rule-Out Cutoff of Two-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography for Significant Fibrosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and External Validation.

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

87.2K

Optimism bias in understanding neonatal prognoses.

Babina Nayak1,2, Jee-Young Moon3, Mimi Kim3

  • 1Harlem Hospital Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|August 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Parents often interpret poor neonatal prognoses optimistically, demonstrating optimism bias. This bias is linked to single-parent status, African-American descent, and beliefs about physician communication.

More Related Videos

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
08:46

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

Published on: August 12, 2020

6.8K
Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

11.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

87.2K
A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
08:46

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

Published on: August 12, 2020

6.8K
Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

11.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Psychology
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Discrepancies between physician and parent expectations for neonatal outcomes are frequent.
  • Optimism bias is a potential psychological explanation for these prognostic expectation gaps.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how parents interpret neonatal prognoses.
  • To identify factors influencing parental interpretation of neonatal prognoses, particularly concerning optimism bias.

Main Methods:

  • An online survey was used to gather parental interpretations of hypothetical neonatal prognoses.
  • Statistical analysis identified predictors of optimistic interpretations.

Main Results:

  • Parents accurately interpreted good prognoses but viewed poor prognoses as less severe than stated.
  • One-third of parents consistently overestimated survival rates for the least favorable prognoses.
  • Single-parent status, African-American descent, and belief in physician misrepresentation predicted optimistic interpretations.

Conclusions:

  • Parents exhibit optimism bias when interpreting neonatal prognoses, accepting positive outcomes while downplaying negative ones.
  • Understanding these biases is crucial for improving physician-parent communication regarding neonatal critical care.