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Related Concept Videos

Oscillations about an Equilibrium Position01:04

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Stability is an important concept in oscillation. If an equilibrium point is stable, a slight disturbance of an object that is initially at the stable equilibrium point will cause the object to oscillate around that point. For an unstable equilibrium point, if the object is disturbed slightly, it will not return to the equilibrium point. There are three conditions for equilibrium points—stable, unstable, and half-stable. A half-stable equilibrium point is also unstable, but is named so...
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Updated: Dec 12, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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Audible sound-controlled spatiotemporal patterns in out-of-equilibrium systems.

Ilha Hwang1, Rahul Dev Mukhopadhyay2, Prabhu Dhasaiyan3

  • 1Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea. ihwang1@ibs.re.kr.

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Summary

Sound waves enable predictable control over spatiotemporal chemical patterns in out-of-equilibrium systems. This breakthrough allows for reproducible organization of chemical reactions and self-assembly in water using audible sound stimuli.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Chemical Systems
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Naturally occurring spatiotemporal patterns are predictable and reproducible.
  • Artificially designed chemical oscillating networks often yield unpredictable spatiotemporal patterns.
  • Controlling spatiotemporal dynamics in artificial chemical systems remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the generation of reproducible spatiotemporal patterns in out-of-equilibrium chemical reactions.
  • To investigate the use of sound waves as a physical stimulus for pattern control.
  • To organize transiently formed supramolecular aggregates in a predictable spatiotemporal manner.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized audible sound waves to induce liquid vibrations in aqueous solutions.
  • Investigated the effect of sound-induced vibrations on atmospheric gas dissolution (O2 and CO2).
  • Observed the formation of spatiotemporal chemical patterns and supramolecular aggregate organization.

Main Results:

  • Sound waves guided the dissolution of atmospheric gases, creating predictable spatiotemporal chemical patterns.
  • The chemical patterns segregated solutions into distinct domains with varying redox properties or pH.
  • Transient supramolecular aggregates were organized in a predictable spatiotemporal fashion.

Conclusions:

  • Audible sound waves can serve as a physical stimulus to control and reproduce spatiotemporal patterns in out-of-equilibrium chemical systems.
  • This method offers a novel approach to precisely manipulate chemical reactions and self-assembly in water.
  • The findings open possibilities for designing complex, predictable chemical architectures and functions.