Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

1.5K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
1.5K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

6.3K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
6.3K
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

82.7K
Overview
82.7K
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

1.2K
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
1.2K
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

82.7K
Overview
82.7K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

8.2K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
8.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

B cell-derived type I interferon sustains T cell functionality upon strong TCR stimulation during chronic infection.

Immunity·2026
Same author

Hepatitis B immunoglobulins after liver transplantation: essential early, optional later?

Gut·2026
Same author

Letter on 'Altered Pathogen Spectrum of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients Treated With Proton Pump Inhibitors'. Authors' Reply.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2026
Same author

Clinical impact of molecular tumor board inclusion on treatment outcomes in neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Neuroendocrinology·2026
Same author

Robust HLA-B-restricted CD8+ T-cell responses in chronic HBV infection.

JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology·2026
Same author

Determinants of long-term survival from atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix
10:37

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

Published on: October 20, 2021

3.3K

Adaptive Immune Response against Hepatitis C Virus.

Janine Kemming1,2, Robert Thimme1, Christoph Neumann-Haefelin1

  • 1Department of Medicine II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79102 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A strong adaptive immune response is crucial for clearing hepatitis C virus (HCV). Chronic HCV infection impairs immune cells, necessitating a vaccine for global elimination.

Keywords:
B cellT cellT cell exhaustionhepatitis C virusneutralizing antibodyviral escape

More Related Videos

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice
07:25

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

Published on: September 25, 2019

7.2K
The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
09:03

The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice

Published on: February 3, 2012

19.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix
10:37

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

Published on: October 20, 2021

3.3K
Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice
07:25

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

Published on: September 25, 2019

7.2K
The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
09:03

The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice

Published on: February 3, 2012

19.7K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • A functional adaptive immune response is key to clearing hepatitis C virus (HCV).
  • Most patients fail to clear HCV, leading to persistent infection.
  • Chronic HCV infection leads to immune cell dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To dissect adaptive immune players (B cells and T cells) in HCV infection.
  • To identify factors influencing HCV infection outcomes.
  • To inform future HCV vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of adaptive immune cell populations in HCV infection.
  • Investigation of immune cell phenotype, function, and epigenetics.
  • Review of outcomes from DAA therapy and vaccine trials.

Main Results:

  • Chronic HCV infection impairs adaptive immune cell functionality, phenotype, and epigenetics.
  • Viral escape mutations contribute to immune evasion.
  • Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) clear HCV but leave immune defects, with potential for reinfection.

Conclusions:

  • A prophylactic vaccine is essential for global HCV elimination.
  • Current vaccine trials show promise but haven't prevented persistent infection.
  • Integrating insights from natural immunity, DAA cure, and vaccine trials may yield effective vaccination strategies.