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Supersized Ribosomal RNA Expansion Segments in Asgard Archaea.

Petar I Penev1,2, Sara Fakhretaha-Aval1,3, Vaishnavi J Patel4

  • 1Georgia Institute of Technology, NASA Center for the Origin of Life, Atlanta, Georgia.

Genome Biology and Evolution
|August 14, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered supersized ribosomal RNA expansion segments (ESs) in Asgard archaea, bridging the size gap between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes. This finding offers insights into the evolution of eukaryotic ribosomes and life

Keywords:
Asgardarchaeaexpansion segmentsribosomal RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The ribosome's core structure, composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins, is fundamental to all life and reveals evolutionary relationships.
  • Eukaryotic ribosomes feature large expansion segments (ESs) on their rRNA, increasing size, but the origin of these ESs in Archaea remains unclear.
  • Asgard archaea, including Lokiarchaeota and Heimdallarchaeota, are considered the closest archaeal relatives to Eukarya.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structure and evolutionary origins of large ribosomal subunit (LSU) rRNA expansion segments in Asgard archaea.
  • To understand how these expansion segments contribute to the size difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes.
  • To test the accretion model of ribosomal evolution by examining the topology of expansion segments.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical footprinting experiments to determine the structure of Lokiarchaeota expansion segment 39 (ES39).
  • Covariation and sequence analysis to study the evolution of Asgard archaeal ES39 and ES9.
  • Comparative analysis of Asgard and eukaryotic ES39 structures to identify conserved features.

Main Results:

  • Asgard archaea (Lokiarchaeota and Heimdallarchaeota) possess supersized expansion segments (ES9 and ES39) in their LSU rRNA, bridging the size gap between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes.
  • Asgard ES39s exhibit distinct sequences and structures compared to eukaryotic ES39s, featuring more and longer helices.
  • A conserved three-way junction in Asgard ES39s matches the topology of eukaryotic ES39s, supporting the accretion model.

Conclusions:

  • The discovery of large expansion segments in Asgard archaea provides a crucial link in understanding ribosome evolution.
  • The findings suggest that eukaryotic expansion segments evolved through the accretion of pre-existing structural elements.
  • This research sheds light on the early evolution of the eukaryotic ribosome and its relationship to archaeal ancestors.