Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.9K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.9K
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

15.5K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
15.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Grey matter degeneration during multiple sclerosis is linked to activation of neuronal necroptosis by oxidized phosphatidylcholines.

Research square·2026
Same author

Challenges and future directions for multiple sclerosis after the 2024 McDonald diagnostic criteria.

Nature medicine·2026
Same author

Autoantigen mRNA-LNP Vaccination Drives Therapeutic Efficacy in Preclinical Models for Autoimmunity.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Gaining biological insights through supervised data visualization.

Nature computational science·2026
Same author

Cerebellar magnetization transfer ratio and its relationship to clinical outcomes in radiologically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Comparative effectiveness of ocrelizumab in subgroups of patients with multiple sclerosis: a multi-registry observational cohort study.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

35.2K

Interleukin-26, preferentially produced by TH17 lymphocytes, regulates CNS barrier function.

Bieke Broux1, Stephanie Zandee1, Elizabeth Gowing1

  • 1From the Neuroimmunology Unit and Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B.B., S.Z., E.G., M.C., M.-A.L., O.T., L.H., L.B., J.-P.O., F.L., S.L., R.C., B.L., J.P., P.D., N.A., E.P., A.P.), The Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada; Hasselt University (B.B.), Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium; and Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada.

Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
|August 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Interleukin-26 (IL-26), though produced by T helper 17 (TH17) cells, strengthens the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reduces disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for multiple sclerosis (MS). This cytokine demonstrates protective effects in neuroinflammation.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Achieving High-Purity In Vitro Differentiation of Th17 Cells Using Cytokine Concentration Modulation
07:46

Author Spotlight: Achieving High-Purity In Vitro Differentiation of Th17 Cells Using Cytokine Concentration Modulation

Published on: October 25, 2024

4.0K
Analysis of Lymphocyte Extravasation Using an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood-brain Barrier
09:00

Analysis of Lymphocyte Extravasation Using an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood-brain Barrier

Published on: April 5, 2017

20.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

35.2K
Author Spotlight: Achieving High-Purity In Vitro Differentiation of Th17 Cells Using Cytokine Concentration Modulation
07:46

Author Spotlight: Achieving High-Purity In Vitro Differentiation of Th17 Cells Using Cytokine Concentration Modulation

Published on: October 25, 2024

4.0K
Analysis of Lymphocyte Extravasation Using an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood-brain Barrier
09:00

Analysis of Lymphocyte Extravasation Using an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood-brain Barrier

Published on: April 5, 2017

20.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Cytokine biology
  • Blood-brain barrier research

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves neuroinflammation and compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity.
  • The role of interleukin-26 (IL-26) in MS pathogenesis and BBB function remains unclear.
  • T helper 17 (TH17) lymphocytes are implicated in MS, producing various cytokines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of IL-26 in neuroinflammatory processes in MS.
  • To determine the effect of IL-26 on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity.
  • To assess the therapeutic potential of IL-26 in an MS model.

Main Methods:

  • IL-26 expression was quantified in MS patients' serum, CSF, T helper cell subsets, and brain tissue.
  • In vitro studies assessed IL-26's effect on human and mouse BBB endothelial cells (ECs).
  • Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice were treated with IL-26 to evaluate disease severity, BBB leakage, and immune cell infiltration.

Main Results:

  • IL-26 expression was upregulated in MS patients and found in T lymphocytes infiltrating MS brain lesions.
  • IL-26 receptors (IL-10R2 and IL-20R1) were detected on BBB ECs.
  • IL-26 enhanced BBB integrity in vitro and in vivo, reduced EAE disease severity, and modulated immune cell infiltration into the CNS, favoring Tregs.

Conclusions:

  • IL-26, preferentially expressed by TH17 lymphocytes, promotes BBB integrity and exhibits protective effects in chronic EAE.
  • These findings highlight the functional diversity of TH17-derived cytokines and suggest IL-26 as a potential therapeutic target for MS.
  • IL-26's dual role in modulating immune responses and maintaining BBB integrity offers new insights into MS pathogenesis.