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Selection bias and misclassification in case-control studies conducted using the National Violent Death Reporting
Vivian H Lyons1,2, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar3,2, Avanti Adhia2,4
1Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA vlyons@uw.edu.
Summary
Using the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) for case-control studies risks bias. Researchers must carefully select controls to avoid misclassification and ensure accurate etiological research findings.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Biostatistics
Background:
- Case-control studies are valuable for etiological research.
- The National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) is a data source for studying violent deaths.
- NVDRS data presents unique challenges for case-control study design.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and discuss methodological issues in NVDRS case-control studies.
- To explore the potential for selection bias and misclassification in NVDRS research.
- To identify specific conditions for appropriate control selection within NVDRS.
Main Methods:
- The study critically examines control selection strategies in NVDRS case-control research.
- It analyzes the impact of comparing different violent death mechanisms on bias.
- It reviews the use of narrative summaries for exposure assessment.
Main Results:
- Comparing individuals with different violent death types can introduce selection bias.
- Reliance on narrative summaries may lead to exposure misclassification.
- An unusual but viable method for selecting live controls within NVDRS is identified.
Conclusions:
- Methodological rigor is crucial when conducting case-control studies with NVDRS data.
- Careful consideration of control selection is necessary to mitigate bias.
- NVDRS can be used for etiological research with appropriate methodological adjustments.
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