Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

610
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
610
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

822
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
822
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

2.9K
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
2.9K
Self-Regulation01:25

Self-Regulation

142
Self-regulation, also known as self-control, encompasses a range of cognitive and behavioral processes that allow individuals to adjust their internal states and outward actions to align with socially acceptable norms and long-term goals. It plays a fundamental role in adaptive functioning, from resisting impulsive behaviors to persisting through challenging tasks. While its benefits are widely recognized, self-regulation is not limitless. Muraven and Baumeister's theory posits that...
142
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

7.6K
In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
7.6K
High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

539
Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
539

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Impact of Different Writing Systems on Children's Spelling Error Profiles: Alphabetic, Akshara, and Hanzi Cases.

Frontiers in psychology·2020
Same author

Technology-Based Tools for English Literacy Intervention: Examining Intervention Grain Size and Individual Differences.

Frontiers in psychology·2019
Same author

Teacher's code-switching and bilingual children's heritage language learning and cognitive switching flexibility.

Journal of child language·2019
Same author

Silent Reading Fluency and Comprehension in Bilingual Children.

Frontiers in psychology·2016
Same author

Does Variability Across Events Affect Verb Learning in English, Mandarin, and Korean?

Cognitive science·2016
Same author

Meaningful learning: theoretical support for concept-based teaching.

The Journal of nursing education·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
05:31

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

15.3K

Examining Language Switching and Cognitive Control Through the Adaptive Control Hypothesis.

Gabrielle Lai1, Beth A O'Brien2

  • 1Centre for Applied Behavioural & Social Sciences, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore.

Frontiers in Psychology
|August 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Language switching in bilinguals engages cognitive control, with findings partially supporting the Adaptive Control Hypothesis. Bilingual interactional contexts influence cognitive control, though context distinctions may blur in multilingual settings.

Keywords:
Adaptive Control Hypothesiscognitive controlinter-sentential switchinginteractional contextsintra-sentential switchinglanguage switchingword-switching

More Related Videos

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.4K
Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
05:31

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

15.3K
A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.4K
Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.5K

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Bilingualism Research

Background:

  • Language switching is a key aspect of bilingual language control, engaging cognitive control mechanisms.
  • The Adaptive Control Hypothesis proposes that different interactional contexts (single, dual, dense code-switching) impact bilinguals' cognitive control.
  • This study tests the assumptions and predictions of the Adaptive Control Hypothesis regarding language switching and cognitive control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between language switching behaviors, reported bilingual interactional contexts, and verbal/non-verbal cognitive control.
  • To test the predictions of the Adaptive Control Hypothesis in a sample of English-Mandarin bilinguals.
  • To investigate how different language switching tasks and interactional contexts affect cognitive control processes.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy-four young adult English-Mandarin bilinguals completed self-report measures of interactional contexts.
  • Participants performed experimental language switching tasks (alternating, semi-cued, uncued switching) to assess word and sentential switches.
  • Cognitive control was measured across verbal and non-verbal domains, including goal maintenance, interference control, and task engagement/disengagement.

Main Results:

  • Partial support was found for the Adaptive Control Hypothesis.
  • Engagement in dual-language contexts correlated with cognitive engagement/disengagement in verbal tasks.
  • Non-verbal goal maintenance and interference control were linked to uncued inter-sentential language switching.

Conclusions:

  • The Adaptive Control Hypothesis receives partial empirical support, highlighting the link between language switching contexts and cognitive control.
  • Findings suggest fluidity in bilinguals' interactional contexts, potentially challenging distinct context categories in multilingual societies.
  • This research underscores the complex interplay between language switching, interactional contexts, and diverse cognitive control processes in bilingual individuals.