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Empirical Evidence for Intraspecific Multiple Realization?

Francesca Strappini1, Marialuisa Martelli2, Cesare Cozzo3

  • 1Neurobiology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

Frontiers in Psychology
|August 15, 2020
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Summary

The Multiple Realization Thesis (MRT) suggests mental processes can occur with different neural bases. This study provides empirical evidence for MRT by showing similar visual recognition across patients with varied brain damage and unimpaired individuals.

Keywords:
antireductionismcrowdingfunctionalismidentity theorymultiple realizabilitynatural kindsobject recognitionvisual integration

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Philosophy of Mind
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The mind-body problem remains a central debate in cognitive neuroscience and philosophy of mind.
  • Traditional views contrast physicalist monism and Cartesian dualism, but the Multiple Realization Thesis (MRT) offers a more complex perspective.
  • MRT posits that mental properties and processes can be implemented by diverse neural substrates, challenging psychoneural type-identity theory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide empirical evidence supporting the Multiple Realization Thesis (MRT) regarding intraspecific human realizations of mental processes.
  • To investigate the psychological property of restored object identification in visually impaired patients with different etiologies.
  • To explore the relationship between neural correlates and psychological properties in visual perception.

Main Methods:

  • Examined visual performance in patients with stroke, posterior cortical atrophy, and strabismic amblyopia, alongside unimpaired subjects.
  • Focused on restored object identification in foveal agnosic vision and peripheral vision, analyzing the role of visual integration and crowding.
  • Compared psychological properties of visual integration across individuals with diverse etiological backgrounds and neural substrates.

Main Results:

  • Restored object identification, characterized by visual integration, was observed across all patient groups and unimpaired subjects.
  • Despite varying etiologies and distinct neural correlates in patients, the psychological property of visual integration remained consistent.
  • Unimpaired subjects, lacking neural damage, also exhibited similar visual integration patterns, further supporting the concept of multiple realizations.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide compelling empirical evidence for the Multiple Realization Thesis (MRT) by demonstrating consistent psychological properties across different neural substrates.
  • This study bridges the gap between philosophical concepts and empirical data in the mind-body problem debate.
  • The research highlights the significance of studying diverse patient populations to understand the neural implementation of cognitive functions.