Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

30.7K
Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
30.7K
Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments02:46

Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments

49.5K
Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...
49.5K
Uncertainty: Overview00:59

Uncertainty: Overview

1.4K
In analytical chemistry, we often perform repetitive measurements to detect and minimize inaccuracies caused by both determinate and indeterminate errors. Despite the cares we take, the presence of random errors means that repeated measurements almost never have exactly the same magnitude. The collective difference between these measurements - observed values - and the estimated or expected value is called uncertainty. Uncertainty is conventionally written after the estimated or expected value.
1.4K
Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision03:37

Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision

98.8K
Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value. 
98.8K
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

4.5K
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
4.5K
Entropy01:18

Entropy

3.3K
The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
3.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Thermodynamic entropic uncertainty relation.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

Fundamental Precision Limits in Finite-Dimensional Quantum Thermal Machines.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Quantum-computer-based verification of quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

Thermodynamic Concentration Inequalities and Trade-Off Relations.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Exact solution to quantum dynamical activity.

Physical review. E·2024
Same author

Lie Algebraic Quantum Phase Reduction.

Physical review letters·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements
10:22

Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements

Published on: September 7, 2019

8.6K

Quantum Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation for Continuous Measurement.

Yoshihiko Hasegawa1

  • 1Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.

Physical Review Letters
|August 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation for open quantum systems, bounding measurement fluctuations using dynamical activity or entropy production. The findings reveal a universal fluctuation bound applicable to various continuous measurements.

More Related Videos

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.9K
Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
12:19

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Published on: April 4, 2017

8.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements
10:22

Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements

Published on: September 7, 2019

8.6K
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.9K
Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
12:19

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Published on: April 4, 2017

8.7K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Thermodynamics
  • Quantum Estimation Theory
  • Open Quantum Systems

Background:

  • Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) connect fluctuations and dissipation in classical systems.
  • Extending TURs to quantum regimes, especially for continuous measurements, remains an active research area.
  • Markovian open quantum systems provide a framework to study quantum dynamics influenced by an environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive a quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation for Markovian open quantum systems.
  • To establish bounds on the fluctuations of continuous quantum measurements.
  • To investigate the relationship between measurement fluctuations, dynamical activity, and entropy production.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing quantum estimation theory to derive the thermodynamic uncertainty relation.
  • Developing two distinct relations: one based on dynamical activity and another on entropy production.
  • Applying the derived relations to specific quantum systems, including a two-level atom and a three-level quantum thermal machine.

Main Results:

  • A novel quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation is derived, applicable to arbitrary continuous measurements under a scaling condition.
  • Two specific bounds are established: fluctuation bounds by dynamical activity and by entropy production.
  • Demonstrated the universality of these bounds across different types of continuous measurements (jump and diffusion).

Conclusions:

  • A universal bound exists for fluctuations in continuous quantum measurements within Markovian open systems.
  • The derived quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation offers a powerful tool for analyzing quantum measurement processes.
  • This work bridges quantum thermodynamics and quantum estimation, providing fundamental insights into quantum fluctuations.