Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Aggregate Gradation

Design Example: Aggregate Gradation

The right type and quality of aggregates are crucial for concrete as they significantly influence its properties, mix proportions, and cost-effectiveness. If different sources are available for sand, the commonly used fine aggregate in concrete, the selection of sand is primarily based on its gradation.
The grading, or particle-size distribution, of sand is determined using sieve analysis, with standard sizes ranging from 150 μm to 10 mm (ASTM No. 100 sieve to 3⁄8 in. sieve). Sand is...

Bulk Density of Aggregate

Bulk Density of Aggregate

Bulk density refers to the mass of aggregate particles that would fill a unit volume. The concept of bulk density originates from the inability to pack aggregate particles in a manner that completely eliminates void spaces. Hence, the term bulk refers to the volume that encompasses both the aggregates and the voids. This measurement is crucial when aggregates are batched by volume and is used to convert quantities by mass to volume.
Most natural mineral aggregates, like sand and gravel,...

Preplaced Aggregate Concrete

Preplaced Aggregate Concrete

Preplaced aggregate concrete is ideal for construction environments that are not easily accessible. The process begins by properly wetting the gap-graded coarse aggregates to remove the dirt, then placing it in the form and compacting it. Voids are filled with a mortar mix pumped under pressure through slotted pipes. This mortar typically consists of Portland cement, pozzolan, fine aggregates, water, and a fluidizing aid. The pozzolan helps reduce bleeding and segregation while improving the...

Aggregate Cement Ratio

Aggregate Cement Ratio

The Aggregate Cement ratio refers to the weight of aggregate divided by the weight of cement in a concrete mix. Altering this ratio has profound effects on the concrete's properties. This ratio plays a pivotal role in determining the strength, workability, and durability of concrete. When the Aggregate Cement ratio is higher, the mix is leaner, meaning it has less cement paste to lubricate the aggregate, potentially making the concrete less workable. Such mixes, known as lean, enhance the...

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.

Compacting Factor test

Compacting Factor test

The compacting factor test is a method used to assess the workability of concrete. It is especially suitable for concrete mixes containing aggregates up to one and a half inches in size. This test involves specialized equipment consisting of two truncated cone-shaped hoppers and a cylinder, all with polished interior surfaces to minimize friction.
The procedure begins by placing concrete into the upper hopper without any compaction. Once filled, the bottom door of this hopper is opened,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Genomic insights into alpine plant adaptation.

Plant diversity·2026

Same author

The complete mitochondrial genome of <i>Cornus officinalis</i> reveals a multipartite structure and clarifies its phylogenetic position.

Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources·2026

Same author

Effects of particulate matter exposures on depressive symptom trajectories: Evidence from a national longitudinal survey in China.

Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences·2026

Same author

Preliminary efficacy of anthelmintic closantel as a potential antimicrobial against Gram-positive bacteria: An assessment of the enantioselectivity.

Journal of global antimicrobial resistance·2026

Same author

Comparative Efficacy of Exercise Interventions for Anxiety Disorders: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.

Psychology research and behavior management·2026

Same author

Association of Off-Hour Admission With Treatment Delay and Unfavorable Outcomes in Patients With Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Magnet Assisted Composite Manufacturing: A Flexible New Technique for Achieving High Consolidation Pressure in Vacuum Bag/Lay-Up Processes

Magnet Assisted Composite Manufacturing: A Flexible New Technique for Achieving High Consolidation Pressure in Vacuum Bag/Lay-Up Processes

Published on: May 17, 2018

Concrete Mix Design for Completely Recycled Fine Aggregate by Modified Packing Density Method.

Yibo Yang^1,2, Baixi Chen³, Yan Su¹

¹School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 16, 2020

Summary

Completely recycled fine aggregate (CRFA) offers improved properties over conventional recycled fine aggregate (RFA). A new mix design method using CRFA in C55 concrete reduces costs and recycles all concrete waste.

Keywords:

completely recycled fine aggregate concrete mix design concrete waste modified packing density method

More Related Videos

Sandy Soil Improvement through Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation MICP by Immersion

Sandy Soil Improvement through Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation MICP by Immersion

Published on: September 12, 2019

Preparation of Aligned Steel Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite and Its Flexural Behavior

Preparation of Aligned Steel Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite and Its Flexural Behavior

Published on: June 27, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Magnet Assisted Composite Manufacturing: A Flexible New Technique for Achieving High Consolidation Pressure in Vacuum Bag/Lay-Up Processes

Magnet Assisted Composite Manufacturing: A Flexible New Technique for Achieving High Consolidation Pressure in Vacuum Bag/Lay-Up Processes

Published on: May 17, 2018

Sandy Soil Improvement through Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation MICP by Immersion

Sandy Soil Improvement through Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation MICP by Immersion

Published on: September 12, 2019

Preparation of Aligned Steel Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite and Its Flexural Behavior

Preparation of Aligned Steel Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite and Its Flexural Behavior

Published on: June 27, 2018

Area of Science:

Civil Engineering
Materials Science
Sustainable Construction

Background:

Conventional recycled fine aggregate (RFA) has limitations hindering its widespread use in construction.
Recycling all concrete waste into fine aggregate presents an opportunity for sustainable construction materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a method for preparing completely recycled fine aggregate (CRFA) with enhanced properties.
To develop and validate a modified packing density method for designing CRFA concrete mixes.
To assess the economic and environmental benefits of using CRFA in concrete.

Main Methods:

Crushing all concrete waste exclusively into fine aggregate to produce CRFA.
Implementing a modified packing density method that accounts for fine powder (<75 μm) in CRFA.
Designing and preparing C55 grade concrete using CRFA to replace natural fine aggregate.

Main Results:

CRFA exhibited higher apparent density and lower water absorption compared to conventional RFA.
The modified packing density method effectively balanced void ratio and specific surface area.
CRFA concrete achieved a unit price approximately 12.7% lower than natural aggregate concrete.

Conclusions:

The proposed method for preparing CRFA and its mix design is feasible for producing high-quality concrete.
This approach enables the complete recycling of concrete waste, replacing all natural fine aggregate.
The use of CRFA offers significant cost savings and promotes sustainable construction practices.