Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 11, 2025
Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
Published on: July 14, 2023
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Grzegorz J Kowalski1, Grzegorz Buła2, Dominika Żądło2
1Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. kowalskigrzeg@gmail.com.
Abstract:
Primary hyperparathyroidism is an endocrine disorder that results in overproduction of parathyroid hormone by overactivated parathyroid gland leading to a significant rise in blood serum calcium. It results in hypercalcaemia, which has a significant impact mainly on the kidneys and bones and results in a variety of signs and symptoms. Primary hyperparathyroidism should be treated because, if left without any therapy, it can lead even to death. Surgery is considered as the best and only successful therapy, with very low risk of recurrence and relatively low complication rate. The aim of this review is to present clinical basis, aetiology, diagnostic possibilities, and treatment opportunities.
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