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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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In certain chromatographic separations, solutes transfer between the mobile phase and the stationary phase via sorption, which typically refers to the process of adsorption. For many chromatographic systems, the sorption process often depends on the polarity of the compounds—an expression of the overall dipole moment within the molecule. During the separation process, there is competition between the solute and solvent for adsorption to the stationary phase. Highly polar compounds and...
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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Microporous polymer microspheres with amphoteric character for the solid-phase extraction of acidic and basic

Joan Carles Nadal1, Kimberley L Anderson2, Stuart Dargo2

  • 1Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel•lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|August 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel amphoteric solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent that can capture both acidic and basic compounds. By adjusting the pH, this dual-functionality sorbent offers enhanced selectivity for challenging chemical separations.

Keywords:
Acidic analytesAmphoteric sorbentBasic analytesEnvironmental water samplesMixed-mode ion-exchangeSolid-phase extraction

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is a crucial sample preparation technique.
  • Current SPE sorbents often require multiple types for analyzing diverse analytes.
  • Innovations focus on developing sorbents with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, synthesize, and evaluate a novel amphoteric SPE sorbent.
  • To demonstrate the sorbent's dual-functionality for capturing both anions and cations.
  • To enable selective fractionation of acidic and basic analytes using a single material.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel SPE sorbent based on microporous polymer microspheres with amphoteric character.
  • Utilizing sarcosine (N-methylglycine) as the basis for polymer-bound amphoteric species.
  • Investigating the pH-dependent ion-exchange retention mechanism (anion-exchange at low pH, cation-exchange at high pH).

Main Results:

  • The amphoteric sorbent demonstrated switchable ion-exchange retention mechanisms based on pH.
  • Successful application of the sorbent for SPE of acidic, basic, and amphoteric analytes from various water samples.
  • Achieved high recoveries (57-88%) for analytes in river and wastewater samples under optimized conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The novel amphoteric SPE sorbent offers dual-functionality, allowing for selective fractionation of acids and bases.
  • This material provides significant selectivity advantages over existing SPE sorbents.
  • The findings pave the way for a new generation of multifunctional sorbents for complex chemical separations.