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Colloidal precipitates01:09

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Precipitation Processes

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change01:26

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Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
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In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
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Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
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Temperature-Induced Aggregation in Portlandite Suspensions.

Sharu Bhagavathi Kandy1,2, Iman Mehdipour1,2, Narayanan Neithalath3

  • 1Laboratory for the Chemistry of Construction Materials (LC2), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|August 18, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Portlandite (Ca(OH)2) suspension viscosity increases with temperature due to particle aggregation. This effect lessens at higher concentrations and is influenced by solution properties affecting aggregation kinetics.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Temperature significantly influences colloidal suspension aggregation.
  • Portlandite (Ca(OH)2) suspensions exhibit high ionic strength and near-isoelectric point pH.
  • Understanding temperature-dependent rheology is crucial for material processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the temperature dependence of portlandite suspension rheology.
  • To investigate the mechanisms behind temperature-induced aggregation in these suspensions.
  • To analyze the impact of particle concentration and suspending medium properties on rheological behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Rheological measurements of Ca(OH)2 suspensions at varying temperatures.
  • Analysis of particle aggregation kinetics influenced by electrostatic forces.
  • Investigation of volumetric crowding and fractal structure formation.

Main Results:

  • Suspension viscosity increases with temperature, contrasting the suspending medium.
  • Temperature-induced aggregation is driven by reduced electrostatic repulsion.
  • Viscosity's temperature dependence decreases with higher particle volume fractions.
  • Ionic strength and ion valence significantly affect aggregation kinetics.

Conclusions:

  • Electrostatic forces and charge screening play a key role in temperature-dependent aggregation.
  • Higher particle concentrations lead to denser structures and reduced temperature sensitivity.
  • The findings offer insights into the rheology of portlandite and similar charged suspensions.