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Lateral spread and percutaneous penetration: An overview.

Rebecca M Law1, Howard I Maibach2

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Lateral spread competes with topical drug penetration into the skin, potentially reducing systemic absorption. This overlooked factor may necessitate a "correction factor" in quantitative studies and risk assessments for percutaneous applications.

Keywords:
Lateral diffusionLateral spreadPercutaneous penetration

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmaceutics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Lateral spread is a key phenomenon in topical drug delivery, influencing drug penetration into the stratum corneum and deeper skin layers.
  • This process is often overlooked but significantly impacts the efficacy and predictability of percutaneous drug applications.
  • Factors like drug properties, formulation, and skin surface characteristics can modulate lateral spread.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the competitive nature of lateral spread against percutaneous penetration.
  • To discuss the implications of lateral spread on topical drug absorption and clinical outcomes.
  • To propose the incorporation of lateral spread as a correction factor in quantitative assessments.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews existing literature on lateral spread and percutaneous absorption.
  • It analyzes the competitive interaction between lateral spread and penetration into the stratum corneum.
  • Physicochemical properties, formulation variables, and skin topography are considered as influencing factors.

Main Results:

  • Lateral spread directly competes with the intended penetration of drugs or chemicals into the skin.
  • Reduced systemic drug absorption or altered absorption rates can result from significant lateral spread.
  • The extent of lateral spread is influenced by a complex interplay of formulation and biological factors.

Conclusions:

  • Lateral spread is a critical, yet often underestimated, determinant of topical drug efficacy.
  • Accounting for lateral spread is essential for accurate quantitative studies, risk assessments, and bioequivalence testing.
  • Future research should integrate lateral spread into models predicting topical drug performance.