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Arterial Hypertension in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: About 40 Cases

Imene Rachdi1, Fatma Daoud1, Hana Zoubeidi1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Habib Thameur Hospital; Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.

Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation : an Official Publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia
|August 18, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Hypertension affects over a quarter of systemic lupus erythematosus patients, often linked to lupus nephritis and corticosteroid use. Minimizing corticosteroid treatment is recommended to manage this comorbidity.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with diverse clinical manifestations.
  • Hypertension (HTN) is a common comorbidity in SLE patients, potentially exacerbating organ damage.
  • Understanding the prevalence and etiological profile of HTN in SLE is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of hypertension in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
  • To investigate the etiological factors and clinical associations of hypertension in this cohort.
  • To provide insights into the management of hypertension in SLE patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 153 patients with SLE diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2016.
  • Data collection included patient demographics, clinical manifestations, comorbidities, and treatments.
  • Prevalence of HTN was calculated, and associated factors were identified.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of HTN in SLE patients was 26.1% (40/153), with an average delay of 21 months from SLE diagnosis.
  • HTN was significantly associated with lupus nephritis, other renal impairments, and corticosteroid treatment.
  • Cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and dyslipidemia were common. Clinical manifestations included arthralgia/arthritis, cutaneous involvement, and hematological issues.

Conclusions:

  • Hypertension is a prevalent comorbidity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
  • Corticosteroid treatment is strongly associated with hypertension in SLE, suggesting a need for cautious use.
  • Management strategies should address associated renal and cardiovascular risk factors, with a preference for minimizing corticosteroid exposure.

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