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Related Concept Videos

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

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Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
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The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
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The response to danger: Is it in your bones?

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Astrocytic GLUT1 reduction paradoxically improves central and peripheral glucose homeostasis.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

A Simple Non-invasive Method for Temporary Knockdown of Upper Limb Proprioception
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A Simple Non-invasive Method for Temporary Knockdown of Upper Limb Proprioception

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That Feeling in Your Bones.

Gerard Karsenty

    Cerebrum : the Dana Forum on Brain Science
    |August 18, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Bones release a hormone called osteocalcin, impacting sugar levels, exercise, and fertility. This skeletal hormone also triggers the body's "fight or flight" response to perceived threats.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Skeletal Biology
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Bones traditionally viewed for structural support.
    • Emerging research suggests skeletal roles beyond biomechanics.
    • Osteocalcin, a bone-derived hormone, is implicated in metabolic and reproductive functions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the multifaceted roles of osteocalcin.
    • To explore the connection between osteocalcin and physiological stress responses.
    • To understand the broader endocrine functions of the skeleton.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of osteocalcin's hormonal functions.
    • Investigation of osteocalcin's influence on metabolic parameters.
    • Examination of osteocalcin's role in reproductive health.

    More Related Videos

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    Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion
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    Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

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    Last Updated: Dec 11, 2025

    A Simple Non-invasive Method for Temporary Knockdown of Upper Limb Proprioception
    07:42

    A Simple Non-invasive Method for Temporary Knockdown of Upper Limb Proprioception

    Published on: March 3, 2018

    9.8K
    Tissue Preparation and Immunostaining of Mouse Sensory Nerve Fibers Innervating Skin and Limb Bones
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    Tissue Preparation and Immunostaining of Mouse Sensory Nerve Fibers Innervating Skin and Limb Bones

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    Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

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  • Assessment of osteocalcin's effect on stress-related physiological responses.

    • Main Results:

    • Osteocalcin is linked to regulation of sugar levels.
    • Osteocalcin influences physical activity and exercise capacity.
    • Osteocalcin plays a role in male fertility.
    • Osteocalcin has been shown to initiate a "fight or flight" response.

    Conclusions:

    • The skeleton is an endocrine organ with diverse regulatory functions.
    • Osteocalcin is a key hormone mediating metabolic, reproductive, and stress responses.
    • These findings expand the understanding of bone's contribution to overall health and survival.