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Benchmarking a 2018 Toyota Camry 2.5-liter Atkinson Cycle Engine with Cooled-EGR
John Kargul1, Mark Stuhldreher1, Daniel Barba1
1U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility
|August 18, 2020
Summary
The U.S. EPA benchmarked a 2018 Toyota Camry engine, finding its peak efficiency near 40%. This advanced gasoline internal combustion engine with cooled exhaust gas recirculation (cEGR) shows high performance for light-duty vehicles.
Area of Science:
- Automotive Engineering
- Internal Combustion Engines
- Environmental Protection Technology
Background:
- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) continuously assesses advanced automotive technologies for regulatory programs.
- Light-duty vehicles are a key focus for emissions and efficiency standards.
Purpose of the Study:
- To benchmark the performance of a 2018 Toyota Camry's 2.5-liter Atkinson Cycle engine with cooled exhaust gas recirculation (cEGR).
- To compare the engine's efficiency against published data and EPA projections.
Main Methods:
- Engine dynamometer testing of a 2018 Toyota Camry A25A-FKS engine, with and without its 8-speed automatic transmission.
- Recording of engine/transmission torque, fuel flow, temperatures, pressures, and Controller Area Network (CAN) bus data.
- Measurement of motoring torque, wide open throttle (WOT) torque, and fuel consumption under transient operation using EPA Tier 2 and Tier 3 test fuels.
Main Results:
- The Toyota A25A-FKS engine achieved a peak Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) near 40%.
- This efficiency is the highest recorded for a non-hybrid production gasoline internal combustion engine designed for 91 RON fuel.
- The engine's design and performance were documented and compared to existing data.
Conclusions:
- The 2018 Toyota Camry's Atkinson Cycle engine with cEGR demonstrates exceptionally high thermal efficiency.
- Potential for further efficiency gains exists through cylinder deactivation technologies.
- This engine represents a significant advancement in gasoline internal combustion engine technology for light-duty vehicles.
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