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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
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Intractable Ocular Diseases and Treatment Progress.

Xinru Zhang1,2, Shuhan Li1,2, Yue Tang3,4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, No.1, DongQing Road, Guiyang, 550014, People's Republic of China.

AAPS Pharmscitech
|August 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

As populations age and screen time rises, intractable eye diseases like dry eye and glaucoma are increasing. This review explores advanced ocular drug delivery systems and RNAi therapy for new treatment strategies.

Keywords:
drug delivery systemsintractable ocular diseasesocular barrierssiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Increasing prevalence of chronic eye diseases including dry eye, glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy.
  • Aging population and increased use of electronic devices contribute to the rising incidence of these conditions.
  • Current treatments often face challenges due to the chronic and difficult-to-cure nature of these diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis and current treatments for several intractable eye diseases.
  • To summarize advanced ocular drug delivery systems for improved therapeutic outcomes.
  • To explore the potential of RNA interference (RNAi) therapy in treating eye conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathogenesis and treatment strategies for common intractable eye diseases.
  • Analysis of the structural and barrier properties of the human eye relevant to drug delivery.
  • Survey of recent advancements in ocular drug delivery systems.
  • Exploration of emerging therapeutic modalities like RNAi therapy.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key pathogenic mechanisms underlying chronic eye diseases.
  • Overview of established and novel treatment approaches.
  • Summary of innovative ocular drug delivery platforms enhancing drug efficacy and targeting.
  • Highlighting the potential of RNAi as a future therapeutic avenue.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced ocular drug delivery systems offer promising strategies for managing intractable eye diseases.
  • RNAi therapy presents a novel and potentially transformative approach for treating various ocular conditions.
  • Further research into drug delivery and RNAi is crucial for developing more effective treatments for age-related and device-induced eye diseases.